BSC 2086 Lab Practical 1 Vocab Questions and Answers

BSC 2086 Lab Practical 1 Vocab Questions and Answers reflex arc - Answer️️ -mediated by neural paths (connections of neurons) to yield rapid involuntary muscle response to stimuli autonomic and somatic - Answer️️ -tow main groups of reflexes autonomic - Answer️️ -mediated through autonomic nervous system (smooth muscles in digestion, glands in sweating) somatic - Answer️️ -involve sensory stimulation that causes skeletal muscles to react (withdrawal reflex from pain) receptor - Answer️️ -site of stimulus sensory neuron - Answer️️ -transmits impulse to central integration center - Answer️️ -one or more synapses in CNS motor neuron - Answer️️ -conducts impulse to effector effector - Answer️️ -muscle/gland impulses spinal reflexes - Answer️️ -initiated and completed at spinal cord level without involvement of higher brain centers (these are somatic) knee-jerk reflex - Answer️️ -utilizes a 2 neuron (sensory and motor neuron) - "monosynaptic" reflex arc flexor reflex - Answer️️ -utilizes sensory and motor neurons connected by interneurons - "polysynaptic" reflex arc stretch reflex - Answer️️ -maintains posture/balance and locomotion; tendon stretch causes agonist muscle contraction and antagonistic relaxation (example = patellar knee jerk reflex) crossed extensor reflex - Answer️️ -flexion of one limb followed by extension of opposite limb superficial cord reflex - Answer️️ -result from pain and temperature changes (example = plantar reflex - Babinski's sign (abnormal response is flared toes)) corneal reflex - Answer️️ -a function of cranial nerve V (trigeminal). Touching causes blinking to occur Gag reflex - Answer️️ -a function of cranial nerves IX (glossopharngeal) and X (vagus). Touching of uvula causes this pupillary reflexes - Answer️️ -reflex causes by light stimulation of cranial nerve II (optic) causing iris constriction by cranial nerve III (oculomotor) pupillary light reflex - Answer️️ -pupil constricts due to light stimulus consensual reflex - Answer️️ -light stimulation of one eye causes pupil constriction in contralateral (opposite side) eye ciliospinal reflex - Answer️️ -stimulation of back of neck causes ipsilateral (same side) pupil dilation salivary reflex - Answer️️ -food odor detection causes salivation general senses - Answer️️ -general sensory receptors respond to touch, pressure, pain, hear, cold, stretch, vibration, and body position. Found throughout the body special senses - Answer️️ -localized in groups; receptors for sight, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste exteroceptors - Answer️️ -react to external stimuli interoceptors/visceroceptors - Answer️️ -react to internal stimuli proprioceptor - Answer️️ -detects body/limb position free/naked nerve endings - Answer️️ -- hair follicle receptor (non-encapsulated): detects light touch - detects pain and temperature tactile (meissner's) corpuscle - Answer️️ -detects light touch, light pressure bulbous (ruffini's) corpuscle - Answer️️ -detects deep pressure/stretching lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle - Answer️️ -detects deep pressure/high frequency vibrations two-point threshold - Answer️️ -smallest distance 2 points of contact can be perceived tactile localization - Answer️️ -determining which point on skin has been stimulated adaptation - Answer️️ -sensory receptor discharge from stimulus slows causing the perception of stimulus to decrease referred pain - Answer️️ -perception of pain form one area of body when another area is actually receiving the noxious stimulus eyelid/palpebrae - Answer️️ -covers eye