Essential Cell Biology Exam Questions and Answers

DNA --->RNA--->Protein - ANSWER-In all living things, genetic information flows from __________ to _________ to ___________. Robert Hooke - ANSWER-By the 17th century, lenses were powerful enough to make out details invisible to the naked eye. Using an instrument equipped with such a lens, ________________ examined apiece of cork and in 1665 reported to the Royal Society of London that the cork was composed of a mass of minute chambers. He called these chambers "cells", based on their resemblance to the simple rooms occupied by monks in a monastery. Light Microscopy (interference- contrast) - ANSWER-Zoomed out, very basic Transmission electron microscopy - ANSWER-More detailed, able to see individual cells/ layers Confocal Microscopy - ANSWER-Green/Black, neon looking image, good detail Scanning electron microscopy - ANSWER-Most detailed Prokaryotic - ANSWER-Which of the following basic cell types represents the most diverse and numerous on Earth? 10, 1000 - ANSWER-Eukaryotic cells are typically ____ times the length and _____ times the volume of prokaryotic cells. Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen - ANSWER-Which four elements are the most common in living things? Hydrogen, Ionic, Covalent - ANSWER-Place the following chemical bonds in order from the weakest to strongest... Ionic bonds, Covalent bonds, and Hydrogen Bonds. Protein - ANSWER-Macromolecules are abundant in cells. Which of the following macromolecules composes the largest proportion (by mass) of a typical cell? 20 - ANSWER-Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are ___ different amino acids, each with different chemical properties. Valine, Tryptophan - ANSWER-What amino acids have a nonpolar side chain? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary - ANSWER-Proteins have 4 organizational levels. List them in order from the most basic to the most complex.