NURBN 2023 – Cardiac Exam Questions with Correct Answers

NURBN 2023 – Cardiac Exam Questions with Correct Answers Define heart failure - Correct Answer The inability of the ventricles to pump enough blood to meet the body's metabolic demands. Loss of contraction leads to heart failure. systolic heart failure - Correct Answer inability of the heart to generate an adequate cardiac output to perfuse vital tissues diastolic heart failure - Correct Answer ventricles can't relax and fill cause of heart failure - Correct Answer Atherosclerosis. Hypertension. High cholesterol. Smoking. Clinical symptoms of hear failure - Correct Answer Hypertension. Shortness of breath/congested lungs. Fluid retention/oedema . Chest pain. Tachycardia. Pathophysiology of heart failure - Correct Answer Dysfunctional ventricle that is unable to eject enough blood (systolic dysfunction) Inability of ventricles to fill with enough blood (diastolic dysfunction) Ischemic heart disease & HTN are the most common underlying causes - HTN: excess mechanical stress on ventricles -> structural change of hypertrophy & eventual left ventricular dysfunction Differences between left and right heart failure - Correct Answer Left: fluid build up in the lungs and Right: fluid retention in peripheral organs and tissue. Causes of CHF (Right-sided) - Correct Answer Congestion of peripheral tissues Causes of CHF (Left-Sided) - Correct Answer Decreased cardiac output & pulmonary congestion Clinical symptoms of right-sided HF - Correct Answer Peripheral & visceral congestion. Fatigue. Ascites. Enlarged liver & spleen. Bloating. Anorexia. Distended neck. Nausea.