Adult Health 3 Study Guide 2024/2025
Burns - ✔️✔️- - major burn is the ultimate trauma
- affects all body systems
- most visible - the skin
- burn centers: exceptional care, ongoing rehabilitation
Thermal Burns - ✔️✔️- - contact with hot objects, but can also occur as a result of
steam, smoke, or flash
- flame
- scald
- contact with hot objects
Chemical Burns - ✔️✔️- - destruction of tissues from necrotizing substances, acids,
and chemicals
- can cause extensive tissue damage
- want to FLUSH PROFUSELY!!!!!
Inhalation burns - ✔️✔️- - inhalation of hot air, chemicals into respiratory tract
- smoke inhalation is the leading cause of death due to fires
- injury caused by: thermal injury to the upper airway, irritation or chemical injury to the
airways from soot, asphyxiation, toxicity from carbon monoxide and other gases such as
cyanide
Concerns of Inhalation Burns - ✔️✔️- - hoarse voice
- burns around the mouth or nares
,- singed nasal hairs or eyebrows
- stridor (partial obstruction of upper airway)
- swelling/edema to airway
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - ✔️✔️- - mainly causes adverse effects in human by
combining hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
- this prevents hemoglobin from releasing oxygen in tissues, effectively reducing the
oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood leading to HYPOXIA
- leading cause of death associated with fires
- colorless, tasteless gas
- rapidly transported across alveolar membrane
Carbon Monoxide - ✔️✔️- - decrease in oxygen delivery system
- patient becomes sleepy, headache, nauseated, then unconscious ----death
- vasodilation effect causes skin to become cherry red: late sign!!!
treatment: high flow oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen chamber
Electrical Burns - ✔️✔️- - intense heat generated from an electrical current
- direct (DC)
- alternating (AC)
- muscle spasm from trauma (if it is bad enough)
Electrical Burns - extent of injury.. - ✔️✔️- - type of current
- pathway of flow-what organ were zapped
- local tissue resistance
- duration of contact
Electrical Burns - Complications - ✔️✔️- - cardiac arrhythmias
,- internal organ damage
- rhabdomyolysis (due to muscle damage from electrical current, myoglobin is released
into the blood stream; myoglobin is filtered through the kidneys and can "clog" them up
causing damage to kidneys)
Classification of Burn Injuries (severity determined by) - ✔️✔️- - depth of burn: how
many layers
- extent of burn: total body surface area
- location of burn: some areas more susceptible to problems than others
- other patient risk factors: age, other medical problems
Depth of burn - ✔️✔️- - epidermis: outer layer of skin
- dermis: contains connective tissue blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands
- subcutaneous/hypodermis: fat, nerves, lymphatics
1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burn - ✔️✔️-
Classification by depth - ✔️✔️- - superficial burn
- partial thickness
- partial thickness deep
- full thickness
Superficial burn - ✔️✔️- - top layer of the dermis
- will heal in about 5 days
Partial burn - ✔️✔️- - blanches with pressure
- second degree
- has blisters
- appears red
, - severe pain and some edema
- heal in 1-2 weeks
- shiny or wet appearance
Deep Partial Burn Thickness Burn - ✔️✔️- - blisters, waxy appearance
- does NOT BLANCH
Full Thickness Burn - ✔️✔️- - leathery, gray
- insensitive to pain
- destruction of entire dermis and epidermis
- a lot of color variation
- DRY; no pain
- cannot grow new skin; have to get skin graft!!
Extent of Burn - ✔️✔️- - total body surface area compared to percentage of area
burned
- rule of 9's used for 2-3 degree burns
- palmar method for kids (1%)
Rule of 9's - ✔️✔️-
Location of Burns - ✔️✔️- - facial
- circumferential
- hands, feet, eyes
Escharotomy/Fasciotomy - ✔️✔️- - escharotomy: have to be slit so there chest can
expand and they can breath
- fasciotomy: if pressure s still increased may need to have a slit cut in their leg
Burns - ✔️✔️- - major burn is the ultimate trauma
- affects all body systems
- most visible - the skin
- burn centers: exceptional care, ongoing rehabilitation
Thermal Burns - ✔️✔️- - contact with hot objects, but can also occur as a result of
steam, smoke, or flash
- flame
- scald
- contact with hot objects
Chemical Burns - ✔️✔️- - destruction of tissues from necrotizing substances, acids,
and chemicals
- can cause extensive tissue damage
- want to FLUSH PROFUSELY!!!!!
Inhalation burns - ✔️✔️- - inhalation of hot air, chemicals into respiratory tract
- smoke inhalation is the leading cause of death due to fires
- injury caused by: thermal injury to the upper airway, irritation or chemical injury to the
airways from soot, asphyxiation, toxicity from carbon monoxide and other gases such as
cyanide
Concerns of Inhalation Burns - ✔️✔️- - hoarse voice
- burns around the mouth or nares
,- singed nasal hairs or eyebrows
- stridor (partial obstruction of upper airway)
- swelling/edema to airway
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - ✔️✔️- - mainly causes adverse effects in human by
combining hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
- this prevents hemoglobin from releasing oxygen in tissues, effectively reducing the
oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood leading to HYPOXIA
- leading cause of death associated with fires
- colorless, tasteless gas
- rapidly transported across alveolar membrane
Carbon Monoxide - ✔️✔️- - decrease in oxygen delivery system
- patient becomes sleepy, headache, nauseated, then unconscious ----death
- vasodilation effect causes skin to become cherry red: late sign!!!
treatment: high flow oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen chamber
Electrical Burns - ✔️✔️- - intense heat generated from an electrical current
- direct (DC)
- alternating (AC)
- muscle spasm from trauma (if it is bad enough)
Electrical Burns - extent of injury.. - ✔️✔️- - type of current
- pathway of flow-what organ were zapped
- local tissue resistance
- duration of contact
Electrical Burns - Complications - ✔️✔️- - cardiac arrhythmias
,- internal organ damage
- rhabdomyolysis (due to muscle damage from electrical current, myoglobin is released
into the blood stream; myoglobin is filtered through the kidneys and can "clog" them up
causing damage to kidneys)
Classification of Burn Injuries (severity determined by) - ✔️✔️- - depth of burn: how
many layers
- extent of burn: total body surface area
- location of burn: some areas more susceptible to problems than others
- other patient risk factors: age, other medical problems
Depth of burn - ✔️✔️- - epidermis: outer layer of skin
- dermis: contains connective tissue blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands
- subcutaneous/hypodermis: fat, nerves, lymphatics
1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burn - ✔️✔️-
Classification by depth - ✔️✔️- - superficial burn
- partial thickness
- partial thickness deep
- full thickness
Superficial burn - ✔️✔️- - top layer of the dermis
- will heal in about 5 days
Partial burn - ✔️✔️- - blanches with pressure
- second degree
- has blisters
- appears red
, - severe pain and some edema
- heal in 1-2 weeks
- shiny or wet appearance
Deep Partial Burn Thickness Burn - ✔️✔️- - blisters, waxy appearance
- does NOT BLANCH
Full Thickness Burn - ✔️✔️- - leathery, gray
- insensitive to pain
- destruction of entire dermis and epidermis
- a lot of color variation
- DRY; no pain
- cannot grow new skin; have to get skin graft!!
Extent of Burn - ✔️✔️- - total body surface area compared to percentage of area
burned
- rule of 9's used for 2-3 degree burns
- palmar method for kids (1%)
Rule of 9's - ✔️✔️-
Location of Burns - ✔️✔️- - facial
- circumferential
- hands, feet, eyes
Escharotomy/Fasciotomy - ✔️✔️- - escharotomy: have to be slit so there chest can
expand and they can breath
- fasciotomy: if pressure s still increased may need to have a slit cut in their leg
