Straighterline CHEM101 Final
Mass Number - ANStotal number of neutrons and protons in an atom; # protons + # electrons
p - ANSMost nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic table?
Positive matter is concentrated in the central core - ANSErnest Rutherford disproved J.J.
Thomson's plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that...
Potassium - ANSPlants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal, preventing most of it from
being washed out to sea?
2:1:1:2 - ANSWhat is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical equation?
__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O
the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon-12
1 g = 6.022 × 1023 amu - ANSWhat is Avogadro's number?
Mg - ANSWhat is the reducing agent in the following equation?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(s) < (l) < (g) - ANSWhich arrangement accurately describes the standard entropy values at
different phases?
2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons - ANSWhat are the most stable isotopes?
S = oxidized
N = reduced - ANSWhat element has been oxidized and what element has been reduced?
3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O
multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles - ANSHow do you convert from moles
to grams?
Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole - ANSHow do you
convert from grams to moles?
Mass - ANSmeasure of the amount of matter
,Compound - ANSmade from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded; cannot be
separated into simpler substances by any physical process; can be separated by a chemical
reaction
Solid - ANSDefinite shape and volume
Doesn't conform to shape of container
Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion
Liquid - ANSDefinite volume, indefinite shape
Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills
Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each other
Gas - ANSNo definite shape or volume
Conforms to shape and volume of container
Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles
Physical Property - ANSColor, melting point, boiling point
Observed and measured without changing identity of substance
Chemical Property - ANSObserved by performing a chemical change
Mixture - ANSCombination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and properties
Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity of
compounds
Pure Substance - ANSfixed composition and differs from a mixture (every sample has same
properties and composition)
Polyatomic Ion - ANSmolecule with a charge
contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together
ions - ANSatoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron
Cation - ANSpositive ion, may have roman numeral
Anion - ANSnegative ion, element ends in -ide
isotope - ANSatom of an element that has a different mass because of a different number of
neutrons, but same atomic number
Atomic Number - ANStotal number of protons in an atom; also indicates number of electrons
Catalyst - ANSadditional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a lower activation
energy
, Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst - ANSWhat 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction?
exothermic reaction - ANSA reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of heat
endothermic reaction - ANSA reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
6.022 x 10^23 particles - ANSHow many particles/atoms/molecules are in a mole?
Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid - ANSSurface area impacts rate of reaction
how?
increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy & proper
orientation - ANSConcentration impacts rate of reaction how?
Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions -
ANSTemperature impacts rate of reaction how?
Boyle's Law - ANSpressure increases, volume decreases
pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2
Charles' Law - ANSVolume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure remains the same
V/T = constant or V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadro's Law - ANSvolume increases with number increases
v/n
Guy-Lussac's Law - ANSincrease in temperature & increase in pressure
p/T = constant or p1/T1 = p2/T2
Ideal Gas Law - ANSPV = nRT
when 3 variables are given in an question - ANSWhen do you use the Ideal gas law?
- reacting particles must collide
- collisions have proper orientation
- particles must have a strong enough energy to collide - ANSName three ways reactions
occur?
limiting reactant - ANSreactant that gets completely used up, which stops the reaction & thus
limits the amount of product made
Mass Number - ANStotal number of neutrons and protons in an atom; # protons + # electrons
p - ANSMost nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic table?
Positive matter is concentrated in the central core - ANSErnest Rutherford disproved J.J.
Thomson's plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that...
Potassium - ANSPlants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal, preventing most of it from
being washed out to sea?
2:1:1:2 - ANSWhat is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical equation?
__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O
the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon-12
1 g = 6.022 × 1023 amu - ANSWhat is Avogadro's number?
Mg - ANSWhat is the reducing agent in the following equation?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(s) < (l) < (g) - ANSWhich arrangement accurately describes the standard entropy values at
different phases?
2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons - ANSWhat are the most stable isotopes?
S = oxidized
N = reduced - ANSWhat element has been oxidized and what element has been reduced?
3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O
multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles - ANSHow do you convert from moles
to grams?
Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole - ANSHow do you
convert from grams to moles?
Mass - ANSmeasure of the amount of matter
,Compound - ANSmade from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded; cannot be
separated into simpler substances by any physical process; can be separated by a chemical
reaction
Solid - ANSDefinite shape and volume
Doesn't conform to shape of container
Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion
Liquid - ANSDefinite volume, indefinite shape
Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills
Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each other
Gas - ANSNo definite shape or volume
Conforms to shape and volume of container
Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles
Physical Property - ANSColor, melting point, boiling point
Observed and measured without changing identity of substance
Chemical Property - ANSObserved by performing a chemical change
Mixture - ANSCombination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and properties
Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity of
compounds
Pure Substance - ANSfixed composition and differs from a mixture (every sample has same
properties and composition)
Polyatomic Ion - ANSmolecule with a charge
contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together
ions - ANSatoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron
Cation - ANSpositive ion, may have roman numeral
Anion - ANSnegative ion, element ends in -ide
isotope - ANSatom of an element that has a different mass because of a different number of
neutrons, but same atomic number
Atomic Number - ANStotal number of protons in an atom; also indicates number of electrons
Catalyst - ANSadditional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a lower activation
energy
, Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst - ANSWhat 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction?
exothermic reaction - ANSA reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of heat
endothermic reaction - ANSA reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
6.022 x 10^23 particles - ANSHow many particles/atoms/molecules are in a mole?
Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid - ANSSurface area impacts rate of reaction
how?
increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy & proper
orientation - ANSConcentration impacts rate of reaction how?
Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions -
ANSTemperature impacts rate of reaction how?
Boyle's Law - ANSpressure increases, volume decreases
pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2
Charles' Law - ANSVolume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure remains the same
V/T = constant or V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadro's Law - ANSvolume increases with number increases
v/n
Guy-Lussac's Law - ANSincrease in temperature & increase in pressure
p/T = constant or p1/T1 = p2/T2
Ideal Gas Law - ANSPV = nRT
when 3 variables are given in an question - ANSWhen do you use the Ideal gas law?
- reacting particles must collide
- collisions have proper orientation
- particles must have a strong enough energy to collide - ANSName three ways reactions
occur?
limiting reactant - ANSreactant that gets completely used up, which stops the reaction & thus
limits the amount of product made
