Biology EOC Practice Test fully solved & updated

What will most likely be the result if all the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? A. It will be unable to carry out respiration B. It will lose water through osmosis C. It will break down the ribosomes in the cell D. It will be unable to photosynthesize - answer-It will be unable to carry out respiration What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg? A. Differentiation B. Natural selection C. Selective Breeding D. Genetic engineering - answer-Differentiation During Strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperatures by sweating, which helps to reduce body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation? A. Excretion B. Metabolism C. Homeostasis D. Synthesis - answer-Homeostasis Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing? A. The cytoplasm separates B. The DNA replicates C. The sister chromatids separate D. The homologous chromosomes cross over - answer-The DNA replicates What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle? A. to use oxygen to produce glucose B. to take in excess water C. to use carbon dioxide to produce glucose D. to feed on herbivores - answer-To use carbon dioxide to produce glucose Two different populations of birds live in the same area and eat the same types of food. Which most likely describes the relationship between these two populations of birds? A. competition B. mutualism C. parasitism D. predator-prey - answer-Competition What will most likely happen if the human population continues to grow at current rates? A . There will be fewer natural resources available for future generations. B. There will be an increase in nitrogen levels in the atmosphere. C. There will be a decrease in water pollution. D. There will be an increase in the number of strong hurricanes. - answer-There will be fewer natural resources available for future generations. A strand of DNA has these bases: AGC CAT GTA TAC What is the complementary DNA strand? A. ACG GAT CTA TAG B. TCG GTA CAT ATG C. TGC CTA GAT ATC D. UCG CUA CAU AUG - answer-TCG GTA CAT ATG Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins, DNA, and cells? A. Proteins combine to produce cells, which produce DNA. B. Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced. C. DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function. D. Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins. - answer-Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins. Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction? A. It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism. B. It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism. C. It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism. D. It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism. - answer-It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism. Which process produces the most variation within a species? A. asexual reproduction B. sexual reproduction C. mitosis D. cloning - answer-sexual reproduction Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists? A. gene cloning B. gene therapy C. DNA fingerprinting D. karyotyping - answer-DNA fingerprinting Which is one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms? A. to create new species of organisms B. to control microorganisms in the soil C. to prevent habitats from being destroyed D. to treat certain types of diseases - answer-To treat certain types of diseases The use of pesticides on crops has been a common farming practice for decades.What has been the greatest effect of natural selection through the use of pesticides on certain insect populations? A. Natural selection has been altered because the insects and their predators are killed. B. The rate of selection is increased because the pesticides do not kill the insects that are naturally resistant to it. C. The rate of selection has decreased because the pesticides kill only young insects. D. The pesticides have altered natural selection by causing the insect DNA to spontaneously mutate. - answer-The rate of selection is increased because the pesticides do not kill the insects that are naturally resistant to it. What is the difference between the full classification of organisms and their scientific names? A. The full classification of organisms and their scientific names vary in different countries. B. The scientific names of organisms include the order and family of the organisms, but the full classification includes only the species name. C. The full classification of organisms will include more categories of organisms than their scientific names. D. The scientific names of organisms include a single nomenclature, but the full classification includes various nomenclatures. - answer-The full classification of organisms will include more categories of organisms than their scientific names. What type of organic molecules are enzymes? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins - answer-Proteins What are the subunits of DNA and their function? A. nucleotides that store information B. monosaccharides that provide quick energy for the cell C. lipids that store energy and provide insulation D. proteins that provide the building blocks for the structural components of organisms - answer-Nucleotides that store information How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration? A. Aerobic respiration results in less energy. B. Aerobic respiration results in more energy. C. Each process results in equal amounts of energy. D. Each process results in variable amounts of energy. - answer-Aerobic respiration results in more energy Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells? A. A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. B. Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. C. Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. D. Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. - answer-Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant? A. They will swell because water will move into them. B. They will swell because salt will move into them. C. They will shrink because water will move out of them. D. They will shrink because salt will move out of them. - answer-They will shrink because water will move out of them. During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division? A. cytokinesis B. anaphase C. prophase D. interphase - answer-Interphase The males of a bird species do a "dance" and "sing a song" each spring. What is the main purpose of these behaviors? A. to scare off young birds B. to imprint young birds C. to clean their feathers D. to attract female birds - answer-To attract female birds The yucca plant releases a strong scent at night when the yucca moth is active.The yucca moth, attracted by the scent, gathers pollen from the yucca flower. The yucca moth then deposits her eggs and the pollen on another plant. This ensures that the plant will be cross-pollinated and that the yucca moth larvae have a steady food supply. Which relationship does this best illustrate? A. commensalism B. mutualism C. parasitism D. predation - answer-Mutualism Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels? A. global climate change B. pollution of ocean waters C. ozone layer destruction D. decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide - answer-Global climate change The construction of a new coal-burning power plant would have the greatest impact on which environmental issue? A. depletion of the ozone B. production of acid rain C. release of radiation D. increase in deforestation - answer-Production of acid rain A segment of DNA has this sequence: ATA GCA CAT GTA What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from this segment? A. TAT CGT GTA CAT B. TAT GCT CTA GAT C. UAU CGU GUA CAU D. UAU GCU CUA CAU - answer-UAU CGU GUA CAU The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an x-linked, recessive trait. Which would most likely result if a short-winged female mates with a long-winged male? A. All offspring will be short-winged. B. All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged. C. All females will be short-winged, and all males will be long-winged. D. Half of the males and females will be short-winged, and half will be long-winged. - answer-All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged. Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria? A. A plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell. B. A chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into human DNA. C. A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. D. A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell. - answer-A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. Which would most likely produce a mutation that is passed on to offspring? A. radiation changing the DNA sequence in skin cells B. a gamete with an extra chromosome forming C. tobacco smoke altering the genes in lung cells D. exposure to chemicals altering nerve cell function - answer-A gamete with an extra chromosome forming A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. A few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. What can best be inferred from this example? A. A species will adapt no matter what the environment. B. The environment has no effect on the survival of an organism. C. Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation. D. Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce. - answer-Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce. Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation? A. DNA B. glucose C. fat D. starch - answer-Fat Which most directly controls the rate at which food is broken down to release energy? A. enzymes B. hormones C. nucleic acids D. vitamins - answer-Enzymes If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring? A. active transport B. passive transport C. osmosis D. diffusion - answer-Active transport How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? A. Both contain a nucleus. B. Both contain ribosomes. C. Both contain membrane-bound organelles. D. Both contain cell walls. - answer-Both contain ribosomes. How does DNA code for proteins in a cell? A. by creating a new double helix structure B. by using its phosphate and sugar molecules C. by adding more hydrogen bonds to its structure D. by arranging certain nitrogen bases of the cell in a particular order - answer-By arranging certain nitrogen bases of the cell in a particular order What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis? A. two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell B. two cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell C. four cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell D. four cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell - answer-Two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell At night, moths travel toward light. Which type of behavior does this describe? A. habituation B. imprinting C. innate behavior D. learned behavior - answer-innate behavior A field ecologist wants to determine the interactions of various populations of organisms living in a large grassland field. Which method is best for conducting this study? A. consulting with local farmers about the diversity of organisms in the field B. dividing the field in half, walking over it, counting organisms, and then doubling the numbers C. walking over the entire field, collecting the organisms, and then compiling a total D. observing the behaviors of different types of organisms several times during the year - answer-observing the behaviors of different types of organisms several times during the year How would overexposure to X-rays affect most animal cells? A. It would increase cell specialization in organs. B. It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells. C. It would produce new nucleotides for DNA molecules. D. It would cause an increase in red blood cell production. - answer-It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells. How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different? A. Sexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but asexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents. B. Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents. C. Sexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but asexual reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms. D. Asexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but sexual reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms. - answer-Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents. Which characteristic is present in offspring produced by sexual reproduction, but is missing in offspring produced by asexual reproduction? A. an identical copy of parent chromosomes B. twice the number of parent chromosomes C. only half the number of parent chromosomes D. an independent assortment of parent chromosomes - answer-An independent assortment of parent chromosomes Two people believe they are related. Which would be the best technique to determine if they are related? A. testing blood types B. comparing DNA C. examining karyotypes D. testing for genetic disorders - answer-Comparing DNA Which will most likely cause variations to occur within a species? A. competition B. mutation C. mutualism D. predation - answer-Mutation In which populations does genetic drift most often occur? A. in small populations B. in large populations C. in marine populations D. in terrestrial populations - answer-In small populations What is the best explanation for the continual changes in the classification system of organisms? A. All organisms struggle for existence and become extinct. B. All organisms compete to be at the top of the food chain. C. Technological advances have allowed scientists to better compare organisms. D. More species have been discovered, but scientists have not analyzed all the data. - answer-Technological advances have allowed scientists to better compare organisms. Which factor most affects the order of amino acids in a protein? A. the DNA located in the nucleus of the cell B. the cell in which the protein is located C. the amount of ATP available for the cell's use D. the area in a cell where proteins are produced - answer-The DNA located in the nucleus of the cell Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration? A. Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. B. More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. C. More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. D. Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. - answer-Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane? A. Substances are moving rapidly across the cell membrane. B. ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane. C. Substances are moving from high to low concentrations. D. Substances are moving through channels in the cell membrane. - answer-ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane.