TEAS 2024 Exam Prep.

TEAS 2024 Exam Prep. What is the one thing that cells have in common? - Correct answer Membrane" "What is a cell membrane composed of? - Correct answer Phospholipids" "What are transport holes - Correct answer Proteins that help certain molecules and ions move in and out of the cell" "What is the cell filled with? - Correct answer Cytoplasm/Cytosol" "What is an organelle? - Correct answer Group of complex molecules that help the cell survive" "What do ALL cells contain? - Correct answer DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis ability" "What does each cell consist of? - Correct answer Nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane" "How does cell life begin? - Correct answer With sexual or asexual reproduction" "What makes up tissue? - Correct answer collection of cells" "What makes up organs? - Correct answer Collection of tissues" "What do ribosomes do? - Correct answer Synthesize proteins from amino acids" "Where can ribosomes be embedded? - Correct answer Endoplasmic reticulum" "What is the golgi complex? - Correct answer synthesizing materials that are brought into the cell." "Where is the golgi complex located? - Correct answer Near the nucleus." "What is the golgi complex made of? - Correct answer Layered membrane" "What are vacuoles? - Correct answer Sacs used for storage, digestion and waste removal" "How many vacuoles does a plant cell have? - Correct answer 1 large vacuole" "Can animal cells have more than one vacuole? - Correct answer Yes" "What is a vesicle? - Correct answer It is a small organelle within a cell." "What does the membrane of a vesicle do? - Correct answer Moves materials within a cell" "What is the cytoskeleton made up of? - Correct answer Microtubules that help shape and support the cell." "What is a microtubule? - Correct answer Part of the cytoskeleton to support the cell." "What are microtubules made up of? - Correct answer Protein" "What is cytosol? - Correct answer Material inside of the cell." "What is cytosol made up of? - Correct answer Mostly water, but can have other floating molecules." "What is the cell membrane? - Correct answer Defines the cell by acting as a barrier" "What does the cell membrane do? - Correct answer Helps keep the cytoplasm inside and foreign substances outside." "What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? - Correct answer Smooth and Rough" "What does rough endoplasmic reticulum have? - Correct answer Ribosomes on the outside" "What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - Correct answer A tubular network that acts as a transport system. Fused to the nuclear membrane and extends into cytoplasm." "What does the mitochondria do? - Correct answer Develops ATP, assists cell growth/death" "Do mitochondria contain their own DNA? - Correct answer Yes! it is separate from the nucleus." "List the 4 functions of the mitochondria - Correct answer 1. Cell energy 2. Cell signaling 3. Cellular differentiation 4. Cell cycle/growth regulation" "In what kind of cells are mitochondria numerous? - Correct answer Eukaryotic Cells" "How many membranes does the mitochondria have? - Correct answer Inner and Outer" "What does the inner membrane of mitochondria do? - Correct answer encloses the matrix (that has mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes)" "What are between the inner and outer membrane of mitochondria? - Correct answer Cristae (folds)" "What kind of respiration occurs in the mitochondria? - Correct answer Aerobic" "What is a centrosome? - Correct answer Involved in mitosis/cell cycle, has a pair of centrioles surrounded by protein" "What are centrioles? - Correct answer Cylinder shaped structures near the nucleus used for division." "What does each cylinder centriole have? - Correct answer Nine groups of three microtubules." "What is a lysosome? - Correct answer Structure that digests proteins, lipids, and carbs." "What can the lysosome do? - Correct answer Help transport undigested substances to membrane so it can be removed" "What are Cilia? - Correct answer Appendages extending from surface of cell (causes movement)" "Difference between flagella and cilia - Correct answer Flagella are longer, and cells usually only have one" "What does the nucleus contain? - Correct answer DNA, and chromosomes." "Do all eukaryotic cells have a nucleus? - Correct answer Yes" "What is the nucleus responsible for? - Correct answer Passing genetic material between generations." "Name the 6 parts of nucleus - Correct answer 1. Nuclear Envelope 2. Nucleoplasm 3. Nucleolus 4. Nuclear Pores 5. Chromatin 6. Ribosomes" "What do chromosomes store? - Correct answer Genetic information about the plant or animal" "What does the Chromatic consist of? - Correct answer The DNA and protein that make up chromosomes" "Where is the nucleolus found? - Correct answer Inside of the nucleus" "What does the nucleolus consist of? - Correct answer Protein, lacks a membrane." "What is the role of the nucleolus? - Correct answer Synthesize Protein, stores RNA, synthesizes RNA" "What is the nuclear envelope? - Correct answer The structure that surrounds the nucleus" "What are the layers of the nuclear envelope made of? - Correct answer Lipids" "What is the role of the nuclear pores? - Correct answer Exchange material between nucleus and cytoplasm" "What is the nucleoplasm? - Correct answer Liquid within the nucleus (similar to the cytoplasm)." "Number of kg in 1 metric ton - Correct answer 1000" "number of grams in a kg - Correct answer 1000" "Number of mL in 1 L - Correct answer 1000" "Number of cm in 1 m - Correct answer 100" "Number of m in a km - Correct answer 1000" "Number of cm in 1 in - Correct answer 2.54" "number of meters in 1 foot - Correct answer 0.305" "number of meters in 3 feet - Correct answer 0.914" "number of feet in 1 mile - Correct answer 5280" "Number of square yards in 1 acre - Correct answer 4840" "number of km in 1 mile - Correct answer 1.609" "number of mL in a fluid ounce - Correct answer 29.573" "number of ounces in a cup - Correct answer 8" "number of ounces in a pint - Correct answer 16" "number of pints in a quart - Correct answer 2" "number of quarts in a gallon - Correct answer 4" "number of mL in a tsp - Correct answer 5" "What does the cell membrane consist of - Correct answer phospholipid bilayer" "What does the phospholipid bilayer consist of? - Correct answer hydrophilic ends on the outside and hydrophobic ends on the inside of cell" "What do glycolipids do? - Correct answer help the cell to recognize other cells of the organisms" "What molecules typically pass through cell membrane? - Correct answer Oxygen and Water" "What kind of molecule can usually pass through cell membrane - Correct answer Molecules that are soluble in phospholipids" "How do molecules get into cell if they are not soluble? - Correct answer Active transport of through vesicles in the membrane" "How long does animal cell reproduction take? - Correct answer 24 hours" "Do neurons grow or divide once mature? - Correct answer No" "What are the two ways a cell can reproduce? - Correct answer Mitosis and Meiosis" "Is the cell an exact copy of parent cell in mitosis? - Correct answer Yes" "Is the cell an exact copy of parent cell in meiosis? - Correct answer No" "When does meiosis happen? - Correct answer In reproductive cells called gametes" "What kind of cell controls differentiation? - Correct answer Zygotes" "What is gastrulation? - Correct answer Early process of embryotic cell development of most animals." "Name the three layers developed during gastrulation - Correct answer Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm." "Where does the nervous system develop from? - Correct answer Ectoderm" "Where does the muscular system develop from? - Correct answer mesoderm" "Where does the digestive system develop from? - Correct answer endoderm" "Name the 6 steps in mitosis in order - Correct answer Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis" "What happens in interphase? - Correct answer The cell prepares for division by replicating genetic material" "What happens during prophase? - Correct answer Chromatin thickens to develop nuclear membrane. Centrioles move to OPPOSITE sides of cell Mitotic spindle moves chromosomes around in cell" "What happens during metaphase? - Correct answer Mitotic spindle moves to the center, and chromosomes align along the center spindle." "What happens during anaphase? - Correct answer Pairs of chromosomes (sisters), begin to pull apart. Grooves appear in cell membrane" "What happens during Telophase? - Correct answer Spindle deteriorates, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes revert to chromatin." "What happens in cytokinesis? - Correct answer Physical splitting of the cell." "What is similar about mitosis and meiosis? - Correct answer The same phases occur in meiosis, but twice." "What is the result of the second stage of meiosis? - Correct answer Haploid forms (four daughter cells with different sets of chromosomes)" "What does meiosis encourage? - Correct answer Genetic diversity" "Example of epithelial tissue - Correct answer Skin" "Feature of epithelial tissue - Correct answer Joined together tightly" "Features of connective tissue - Correct answer Joined together loosely, may be fatty. Protects and binds body parts" "Feature of catilage - Correct answer Cushions and provides structure for the body parts. Has jelly-like base and is fibrous." "Feature of blood - Correct answer Transports oxygen to cells and removes waste. Carries hormones to fight disease" "Feature of muscle - Correct answer helps support and move the body" "Name the three types of muscle cell - Correct answer Cardiac, smooth, skeletal" "Feature of bones - Correct answer hard tissue that supports and protects softer tissues and organs." "What does bone marrow produce? - Correct answer red blood cells." "Where is nervous tissue located? - Correct answer brain, spinal cord, nerves" "What do neurons control> - Correct answer responses to changes in external and internal stimuli" "What is a system? - Correct answer a group of organs working together" "How many organ systems exist in mammals? - Correct answer 11" "List the 11 organ systems? - Correct answer integumentary, skeletal, muscular, respiratory, lymphatic, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, digestive, excretory, reproductive" "Define proximal - Correct answer Closer to the center of the body (the hip is proximal to the knee)" "Define distal - Correct answer further from the center (the knee is distal to the hip)" "Define cephalad/cephalic - Correct answer Towards the head" "Define caudad - Correct answer Closer to the tail or posterior" "Define transverse - Correct answer Divides body into upper and lower halves" "Define saggital - Correct answer divides body into right and left sections" "Define coronal/frontal plane - Correct answer Divides. body into front and back sections" "`What is the respiratory system divided into? - Correct answer Upper and lower sections"