BIO 235 (Kovacs) Exam 1 Questions With
Verified Answers
how many chromosomes do most prokaryotes have?
one
how many copies of their chromosome(s) do prokaryotes have?
one
what organisms undergo binary fission?
bacterial cells
why do bacterial chromosomes get replicated before the cell divides?
so each daughter cell receives one copy
do eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells require more genetic information?
eukaryotic
what is required in order to pass complements of chromosomes to the next generation?
a sorting mechanism
structures within living cells that contain the genetic material
chromosome
what is the genetic material in chromosomes?
DNA
what provides an organized structure in chromosomes?
proteins
what is the DNA-protein complex called in eukaryotes?
chromatin
what is the DNA-protein complex called in prokaryotes?
nucleoid
the constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped chromosome and
the site where kinetochore is formed
centromere
a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of
the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes
telomere
, a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated
origins of replication
a protein structure that forms on a chromatid during cell division and allows it to attach to a spindle
fiber on a chromosome
kinetochore
members of a pair of chromosomes
homologs
two homologs form what?
homologous pair
what are the similarities between two chromosomes in a homologous pair?
they are nearly identical in size, have the same banding pattern and centromere location, and they
have the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles
how many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have?
two
how many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells have?
one
an organized representation of the metaphase chromosomes within a diploid eukaryotic cell
karyotype
chromosomes that come in pairs (homologs) are called what?
autosomes
are the sex chromosomes, X and Y, homologous and why?
no because they differ in size and genetic composition, but they do have regions of homology
why do eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis?
to ensure that the daughter cells receive one complete set of chromosomes (one copy of each
chromosome)
what is the repeating pattern of cell growth followed by cell division called?
cell cycle
what are the phases G1, S, and G2 collectively called?
interphase
during what phase in interphase does the cell grow in volume?
G1
Verified Answers
how many chromosomes do most prokaryotes have?
one
how many copies of their chromosome(s) do prokaryotes have?
one
what organisms undergo binary fission?
bacterial cells
why do bacterial chromosomes get replicated before the cell divides?
so each daughter cell receives one copy
do eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells require more genetic information?
eukaryotic
what is required in order to pass complements of chromosomes to the next generation?
a sorting mechanism
structures within living cells that contain the genetic material
chromosome
what is the genetic material in chromosomes?
DNA
what provides an organized structure in chromosomes?
proteins
what is the DNA-protein complex called in eukaryotes?
chromatin
what is the DNA-protein complex called in prokaryotes?
nucleoid
the constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped chromosome and
the site where kinetochore is formed
centromere
a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of
the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes
telomere
, a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated
origins of replication
a protein structure that forms on a chromatid during cell division and allows it to attach to a spindle
fiber on a chromosome
kinetochore
members of a pair of chromosomes
homologs
two homologs form what?
homologous pair
what are the similarities between two chromosomes in a homologous pair?
they are nearly identical in size, have the same banding pattern and centromere location, and they
have the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles
how many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have?
two
how many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells have?
one
an organized representation of the metaphase chromosomes within a diploid eukaryotic cell
karyotype
chromosomes that come in pairs (homologs) are called what?
autosomes
are the sex chromosomes, X and Y, homologous and why?
no because they differ in size and genetic composition, but they do have regions of homology
why do eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis?
to ensure that the daughter cells receive one complete set of chromosomes (one copy of each
chromosome)
what is the repeating pattern of cell growth followed by cell division called?
cell cycle
what are the phases G1, S, and G2 collectively called?
interphase
during what phase in interphase does the cell grow in volume?
G1
