Biology 101 Exam 2 Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)

Biology 101 Exam 2 Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated) Three cell parts found in all cells? - answerDNA, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm or ribosomes What is the cell theory? - answerThe cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells come from the reproduction of other cells Cells that do not have a nucleus are: - answerprokaryotes DNA in bacterial/prokaryotic cells forms a: - answercircle DNA in eukaryotic cells are: - answerlinear Why are cells small? - answerCells do not get very large because the surface area to volume ratio must be high to allow for the ready exchange of materials in and out of the cell What three cell parts are found ONLY in plant cells? - answercell wall, chloroplasts, and the large/central vacuole What is Endosymbiosis? - answerThe theory that some prokaryotic cells engulfed other prokaryotic cells thus forming membrane-bound structures (like mitochondria or chloroplasts) and ultimately giving rise to eukaryotic cells What is the organelle site of the reaction called CELLULAR RESPIRATION in eukaryotic cells? - answerMitochondria What do you call the site of PROTEIN and LIPID SYNTHESIS in eukaryotic cells is an ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM? - answerthe Endoplasmic Reticulum What can you find in the nucleus? - answerthe nucleolus and DNA How can you distinguish between the ROUGH E.R. and the SMOOTH E.R.? - answerthe presence of RIBOSOMES in the rough E.R. What are the three structures that enable cells to move? - answercilia, flagella, and psuedopods What is found within the CHLOROPLASTS and is the site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS? - answerthylakoids What are the folds within the MITOCHONDRIA called? - answercristae What are cytoplasmic bridges found between PLANT cells? (holes in the CELL WALL) - answerplasmodesmata What are the cytoplasmic bridges found between ANIMAL cells? (openings in the CELL MEMBRANES) - answergap junctions Which organelle contains DIGESTIVE ENZYMES? - answerthe lysosome The lysosome is produced by the pinching off of portions of the membranes of the: - answerGolgi bodies/apparatus What is the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? - answerRibosomes What is the largest CYTOSKELETON component? - answerthe microtubules What are the structures involved in CELL MOVEMENT that are made up of "9+2" microtubules? - answerCilia and Flagella What are the pair of structures that are made up of 9 triplets of microtubules? - answerthe centrioles Centrioles are involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and found only in: - answerAnimal cells Describe the make-up of a CELL MEMBRANE - answerThe cell membrane is made of a bilayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, with PROTEINS floating in them Describe a PHOSPHOLIPID - answerThe hydrophilic PHOSPHATE HEADS face outward while the hydrophobic FATTY ACID TAILS face inward What is the simplest type of passive transport across the membrane? What does it do? - answerdiffusion it allows the passage of non polar molecules across phospholipids What are two non polar molecules that pass across phospholipids? - answerCarbon DiOxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) If a protein is involved in passive transport across the membrane then the process is called: - answerfacilitated diffusion If molecules taken into the cell go from a Low concentration of that substance outside the cell to a High concentration ([L] to [H]) inside the cell through a carrier protein, then what is the process called? And what does it need for energy? - answerIt is called ACTIVE transport and needs ATP for energy