NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Correctly Answered

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Correctly Answered HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - Answer -can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate 4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen can test 10 days post exposure Mast cell - Answer -Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process. Histamine - Answer -Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling. Cytokines - Answer -Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed. Leukotrines - Answer -Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and t of inhibition for singular. Prostaglandins - Answer -Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever. Chemotactic factors - Answer -Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation Neutrophils - Answer -Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation Monocytes - Answer -Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity. Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF. Cytokine IL1 function - Answer -Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a Cytokine IL6 function - Answer -Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs Cytokine TNF function - Answer -Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis