Chapter 5 Energy and Life Exam Questions with Verified Answers

Energy - ANSWER-The ability to do work. Potential Energy: - ANSWER-The energy with the potential to do work. Stored energy. Kinetic Energy: - ANSWER-The energy of motion. Thermodynamics ("Heat Changes") - ANSWER-The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter (such as mechanical energy, heat, sound, electric current, light, or radiation). Is the energy in a "high-energy" food bar kinetic or potential? - ANSWER-Potential. (Because it is not in motion, or kinetic.) When a baseball bat strickes a baseball, is that a chemical reaction? - ANSWER-No. (It is transfer of energy.) First Law of Thermodynamics (The Law of Energy Conservation): - ANSWER-Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. Second Law of Thermodynamics: - ANSWER-Disorder (entropy) is continually increasing in the universe as energy changes occur, so disorder is more likely than order. Entropy - ANSWER-A measure of the disorder of a system. A measure of energy that has become so randomized and uniform in a system that the energy is no longer available to do work. When an organism dies, what happens to their entropy? - ANSWER-Entropy increases in a decomposing organism as its basic components (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen) are recycled. Reactants/Substrates: - ANSWER-A molecule on which an enzyme acts. (The molecules after the reaction are called the *products*.) Endergonic Reaction: (An example is cells using the ATP for work.) - ANSWER-Reactions in which the products contain more energy than the reactants and require an input of usable energy from an outside source before they can proceed. These reactions are not spontaneous.