BIOL 2300 Exam 1: Quiz Questions with Complete Solutions

BIOL 2300 Exam 1: Quiz Questions with Complete Solutions How does genetic information flow in an organism? DNA > RNA > protein Contrast chromosomes and genes. Genes take part in the production of proteins through the processes of transcription and translation. They are the functional units of heredity. Chromosomes carry genes and take part in cell division during mitosis and meiosis. A dividing eukaryotic cell is treated with a drug that inhibits the molecular motors associated with kinetochores. At which cell cycle stage would it stop? M (anaphase) What is an example of translational medicine? A gene product associated with lower cholesterol levels is used to develop a treatment for high cholesterol. A diploid somatic cell from a rat has a total of 42 chromosomes (2n = 42). As in humans, sex chromosomes determine sex: XX in females and XY in males. What is the total number of centromers of a rat cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? 42 The diploid number of chromosomes in the mustard plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, is 10. Knowing this, answer the following questions about the stages of mitosis. There will be [__a__] chromosomes found in the cell during prophase. There will be [__b__]DNA molecules found in the cell during prophase. Enter your answer using two significant figures, i.e. if you think the answer is 75, enter 75. a: 10 b: 20 The theory of epigenesis states that _______. adult structures in the organism develop denovo from substances present in the egg How many different proteins, each with a unique amino acid sequence, can be constructed with a length of five amino acids? 3200000 (20^5) If the genotype of an organism is defined as its specific allelic or genetic constitution, and the phenotype of an organism is defined as its observalbe sum of features, then how do alleles fit into this definition? Select ALL correct answers. 1. Different alleles may produce differences in the phenotype of an organism. 2. Alleles are alternative forms of a gene. How is genetic information encoded in a DNA molecule? Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of bases. The PCSK9 gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps regulate the amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is produced in the body and obtained from foods that come from animals. The PCSK9 protein appears to control the number of low-density lipoprotein receptors, which are proteins on the surface of cells. These receptors play a critical role in regulating blood cholesterol levels. The receptors bind to particles called low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), which are the primary carriers of cholesterol in the blood. Low-density lipoprotein receptors are particularly abundant in the liver, the organ responsible for removing most excess cholesterol from the body. The number of low-density lipoprotein receptors on the surface of liver cells determines how quickly cholesterol (in the form of low-density lipoproteins) is removed from the bloodstream. Studies sugg By inactivating PCSK9 via inhibition, more receptors are available to capture LDL for break down and removal from the blood. Consider a diploid cell that contains three pairs of chromosomes, designated AA, BB, and CC. Each pair contains a maternal and paternal member