Development of the urinary system Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Development of the urinary system Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Urinary system - answer- Urinary system is made up of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. - Urethra - in female short, in males its longer Links between the urinary and genital system during development - answer- Functionally two components - Urinary and genital system. - Developmentally intimately interwoven. - Derived from intermediate mesoderm as a common ridge along the posterior abdominal wall (retroperitoneal) and cloaca. Different types of mesoderm - answer- The trilaminar embryo has outer ectoderm, inner endoderm, and in between is the mesoderm. - The mesoderm is divided into 3 parts - Paraxial mesoderm - by the side of the axis of the body, develops in to sclerotome, dermatome, myotome, and will give rise to bones, muscles and dermis of the skin in that particular region - Lateral plate mesoderm - in which body cavities appear, they fuse, and after the complete folding of the embryo, there is a formation of a single intra-embryonic coelom, which gives rise to future peritoneal, pericardial and pleural cavities - Intermediate mesoderm - the middle part of mesoderm, it projects into the coelomic cavity forming a ridge, which is known as urogenital ridge. This urogenital ridge is covered by coelomic epithelium lining the peritoneal cavity. --> Intermediate mesoderm Formation of nephrogenic cord - answer- Before folding - the intermediate mesoderm is between paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm. - After folding - it forms the urogenital ridge - Its surface is covered by the epithelium lining the peritoneal cavity (coelomic epithelium). - The urogenital ridge is divided into two parts o medial part - genital ridge - aka gonadal ridge o lateral part - nephrogenic cord - Nephrogenic cord - cervical region to the sacral region of the embryo - Nephrogenic cord is the future site for kidneys - It extends from the neck up to the sacrum Development of kidney - answer- The vertebrate kidney has passed through three stages of evolution - Three sections of the nephrogenic cord: - Pronephros - most primitive, In cervical region, disappears - This develops the duct system and pronephric duct and both will disappear - Mesonephros - functioning kidney of most anamniotes - Thoracolumbar region - In humans - only duct system persists which develop into male genital ducts - It has its own duct known as the mesonephric duct - The mesonephros will disappear, but the mesonephric duct will not - it persists in humans and will develop into the male genital ducts - Metanephros - functioning kidney of most amniotes including man - Sacral region ascends up To the lumbar region - The duct system of the metanephros is the ureteric bud coming from mesonephric duct. Development of Kidney and ureter - answer- The ureteric bud goes towards the metanephros, branches forming the renal s