Ultimate Study Guide for Science Bowl— Biology Exam Questions With Verified And Updated Answers

Ultimate Study Guide for Science Bowl— Biology Exam Questions With Verified And Updated Answers Ether Lipid - answerLipids in which one or more of the carbon atoms on glycerol in bonded to an alkyl chain via an ether linkage, as opposed to the usual ester linkage. Ethers (plasmalogens) - answerClass of organic compounds that contain an ether group--an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups-- of general formula R--O--R'. Peroxisome (Microbodies) - answerOrganelles found in all eukaryotic cells--they are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-Amino Acids, and Polyamines. Also involved in the Glyoxylate Cycle. Glyoxylate Cycle - answerAn anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi. Centers on the conversion of acetyl-CoA to succinate for the synthesis of carbohydrates. In microorganisms, this pathway allows cells to utilize simple carbon compounds as a carbon source when complex sources such as glucose are not available. Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) - answerAn important molecule in metabolism--Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production Citrate - answer0^7 C^6... is...? (first carbon structure in the citric acid cycle, with a oxygen bonded to the third carbon) cis-Aconitate - answer0^6 C^6...? (second carbon structure in the citric acid cycle) D-Isocitrate - answerO^7 C^6... (third carbon structure in the citric acid cycle, with an oxygen bonded on the fifth carbon--a water molecule is added) [alpha]-ketoglutarate - answerO^5 C^5... (fourth carbon structure in the citric acid cycle) succinyl-CoA - answerO^3--C^4--S--CoA (fifth carbon structure in the citric acid cycle) Succinate - answerO^4 C^4 (sixth carbon structure in the citric acid cycle) Fumarate - answerO^4 C^4 (Seventh carbon structure in the citric acid cycle, without two bonds on the middle two carbons)