psych 104 Chapter 1- macewan university Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Psychology - the study of the brain, mind and behaviour rungs of the ladder - levels of analysis top: social/cultural influences bottom: biological influences emic - insider perspective etic - from a persepctive of an outsider naive realism - the belief that we see the world precisley as it is theories - are general explanations hypothesis - specfic predictions derived from these explainations misconception of a theory #1 - a theory explains a specfic event misconception of a theory #2 - a theory is just an educated guess confirmation bias - tendency to seak for information that supports your hypothesis and denys info that contridicts your hypthoesis belief perseverance - tendency to stick to your intial beliefs even when evidence contrdicts themPseduoscience - a set of claims that seem scientfic but isn't metaphysical claims - asseration about the world that can not be testable what are the 3 crucial warning signs of pseduoscience - 1. ad hoc immunizing- loopholes that protect the theory from being disproven 2. lack of self-correction- lack new data and prey on belief presverance. 3. overreliance on anecdotes- " i know a person who" based on subjective impressions patternicty - the tendenecy to find patterns in random stimuli terror management theory - a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death emotinal reasoning fallacy - if it goes against our beliefs we tend to be angry but even things support our beliefs we are happy bandwagon fallacy - since alot of people believe it, it makes you believe it not me fallacy - error of assuming you are immune to errors and that you are not bias because you are objective scieniftic skeptism - evaluating calims with an open mind and insisting on persuasive evidence Ruling out rival hypotheses - understand if there are any other explainations to this claim Correlation isn't causation - assuming that one thing is assocatied with the other, therefore it has to be the cause of it. No, there could be an alternative variable falsifibilty - for a claim to be meaningful it must be able to be disprovenreplicabilty - if the data can be replicated, it shows signifcance in the claim Structuralism- E.T kitchner - uses introseption to identify the basic elements of exeprience Functionalism (William James) - to understand the adaptive purposes of our thoughts behavourism - to understand learning and observable behavouir congivtivism- John N watson - examine the role of thinking Psychoanalysis (Freud) - the root of all psychological problems are unconscious conflicts Nature vs Nurture Debate - both genes and enviroment play a role in our behaviour Free Will vs. Determination - To what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside of our control? basic research - how our mind works applied research - how we use basic research to solve real world problems