PSY 203 Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Latest Study Solutions

Most serious deleterious alleles are a. dominant. b. codominant. c. recessive. d. no longer a part of the gene pool. - Answer-C Maternal reports of movement, or "quickening," during pregnancy usually happen by about a. 10 weeks. b. 16 weeks. c. 24 weeks. d. 30 weeks. - Answer-B each new event builds on earlier experiences in orderly way or gradual improvement - Answercontinuous process development occurs in discrete steps or stages; each stage is a new set of behaviors - Answerdiscontinuous process family, income, education, death, divorce, marriage - Answer-environmental influences -focuses on structured set of stages an organism goes through over the course of psychological growth(structuralism) -used by freud, erikson and piagets - Answer-structural organismic approach personality is formed within the first 6 years - Answer-freud age 3-6 superego - Answer-phallic stageage 1-3 ego - Answer-anal stage age 0-1 id - Answer-oral stage pyschodynamic theory - Answer-freud psychosocial theory - Answer-erikson periods of cognitive development - Answer-piaget -reinterpret new experiences so they fit into old idea -EXISTING IDEAS STAY THE SAME - Answer-assimilation revamp old ideas so they adapt to the new - Answer-accommodation children learn through behaviorism and from observation and imitation of role models - Answercognitive social learning theory focuses on flow of the information through the cognitive system - Answer-information processing approaches focuses on changes over time that result from interacting elements in a complex, integrated system - Answer-dynamic systems perspective -development is product of social and cultural experiences -emphasizes importance of cultural variation in development - Answer-vygotsky's sociocultural theoryexperiences and relationships in layers of environmental systems impact child development - Answerbronfenbrenner's ecological theory focuses on adaptive or survival behavior within specific contexts-observation yields detailed classifications - Answer-ethological theory focuses on critical components of human evolutionary change in the brain and cognitive function - Answer-evolutionary developmental psychology tries to mirror a larger population by using age, ethnicity, gender, social class, education and culture - Answer-representativeness of sample -uses a national representative group of people -costly and time consuming - Answer-national survey approach -children's self reports -reports by family, teachers, and peers -direct observation - Answer-methods of collecting data on children allows researchers to relate certain experiences or factors to each other and assess strength of the relations - Answer-correlational method includes control group, experimental group, random assignment, independent and dependent variables - Answer-lab experiment relies on natural observation, has ecological validity but risks observer bias - Answer-field experiment quasi experiments that measure effects of natural occurring events or changes - Answer-natural experiments compares different age levels at about the same point in time - Answer-cross-sectional methodstudies same subjects over time at various points in their life - Answer-longitudinal method combines boh cross-sectional and longitudinal methods - Answer-sequential method specific set of genes inherited from one's parents - Answer-genotype observable and measurable genetic expressions of an individual physical and behavioral characteristics - Answer-phenotype sperm and egg unite here - Answer-oviduct a new organism - Answer-zygote female eggs, the largest cell of human body - Answer-ovum male fertilization - Answer-sperm -store and transmit genetic information -located in the cell nucleus -23 from each parent - Answer-chromosomes -segments of DNA located along the chromosomes -located in the cell nucleus - Answer-genes creates genetic variability during meiosis - Answer-crossing over cell division - Answer-meiosisoccurs in autosomes and sex chromosomes - Answer-mitosis alternative forms of a gene - Answer-alleles alleles from both parents are the same for a specific gene or trait - Answer-homozygous alleles from both parents are different for a specific gene or trait - Answer-heterozygous XX for females XY for males -many x linked genes are more common in males than females - Answer-sex chromosomes x-linked recessive allele - Answer-hemophilia -modified viruses -human genome project -genetic engineering and genetic manipulation - Answer-gene therapy