NBME High Yield exam 2024 with 100% correct answers

What are sentinel lymph nodes? correct answersFirst group of lymph nodes draining a specific organ Describe the lymph node drainage of the GI tract correct answers*Trachea and esophagus => Mediastinal *Liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, upper duodenum => Celiac *Lower duodenum, jejunum, ilecum, colon to splenic flexure => SMA *Colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum => IMA *Lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate line) =>Internal Iliac Anal rectum (below pectinate line) =>Superficial inguinal What is the mechanism by which Lactulose is used to treat Hepatic Encephalopathy? correct answers*Lactulose is resistant to intestinal disaccharides *Metabolized by gut flora into lactic and formic acid. *These acids have an osmotic/laxative effect and cause an acidifying effect *Acids also cause NH3 to be trapped as NH4+ and cannot cross intestinal wall; excreted into feces What antimuscarinics are used to prevent postprandial abdominal pain of IBS patient correct answersHyoscyamine,dicyclomine Which drugs are contraindicated in patients with glaucoma? correct answersDrugs that cause mydriasis: A1 agonists or M3 antagonists (antimuscarinics) A1 agonists: Epinephrine M3 antagonists:Atropine and other antimuscarinics Mydriasis pulls the iris to it's base, making the angle narrow