COMMRC 0310 Midterm Exam All Questions And Correct Answers

COMMRC 0310 Midterm Exam All Questions And Correct Answers Two senses of the word rhetoric - Answer -Rhetoric as an action and as a perspective Two things do we do when we engage in rhetorical action - Answer -Make a conscious decision to communicate and make conscious choices about the strategies we employ Two key terms involving rhetoric as a process - Answer -Process and symbolism Times when we focus on the process of symbolism rather than the content - Answer -When we analyze how the symbols work rather than what the symbols communicate Two ways can we focus on the process of symbolism - Answer -Analyzing how people perform a rhetorical action and how people interpret symbols Simons definition of a social movement - Answer -An uninstitutionalized collectivity that mobilizes for action to implement a program for the reconstitution of social norms or values Primary rhetorical test of the leader - Answer -The capacity of one to fulfil the requirements of their movement by resolving or reducing rhetorical problems Three broad heading rhetorical requirements of movement leaders - Answer -Must attract, maintain, and mold workers into an effectively organized unit, must secure adoption of their product by the larger structure, must react to resistance generated by the larger structure Five cross pressures listed by Simons that complicate the role of leaders - Answer -Strong identification by members with the goals of a movement may foster the conviction that any means are justified and breed impatience with time-consuming tactics, the leader may need to distort, conceal, exaggerate, etc. in addressing their own supporters, pressures for organizational efficiency are incompatible with membership needs, the leaders of social movements face discrepancies between role expectations and role definitions, the leader must adapt to several audiences simultaneously Simons' three rhetorical strategies - Answer -Moderate, Intermediate, and Militant Moderate Rhetorical Strategy - Answer -Peaceful persuasion; adapts to the listener's needs, wants, and values Intermediate Rhetorical Strategy - Answer -A combination of moderate and militant strategies Militant Rhetorical Strategy - Answer -Seeks to change the actions of their primary targets as a precondition for changes in attitudes Three kinds of audience for 'rhetoric as addressed' - Answer -Any person who hears, reads, or sees a symbolic action, the group targeted by a message, even if they are not present, the group capable of acting in response to the message Three techniques discussed to go about adapting to an audience - Answer -Seeking to create a sense of commonality between the speaker and the audience, employing pathos appeals, or trying to put the audience members in a state of mind where they are most open to the arguments offered, working with factors that influence audience perceptions, like attitudes, values, and beliefs Rhetorical Agency - Answer -The capacity to act, that is, to have the competence to speak or write in a way that will be recognized or heeded by others in one's community First persona - Answer -The author implied by the discourse Second persona - Answer -The implied audience to whom a rhetor constructs symbolic actions Third persona - Answer -Audiences not present, audiences rejected or negated through the speech and/or the speaking situation Two types of indirectly addressed audiences - Answer -Eavesdropping audiences and the fourth persona