The Story of the 3 P's
Pharmacology correct answersstudy of the biological effect of chemicals
Drug correct answersa chemical that is introduced into the body that elicits or brings about a change
Pharmacotherapeutics/Clinical Pharmacology correct answersutilizes drugs for the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of disease
-how drugs effect the body
-how the body responds to drugs
What is the nurses role? correct answers- to safely administer drugs
- monitor response
- provide patient/family teaching about the drug
- all made possible by first understanding
In order to safely administer drugs the nurse needs to know correct answers-Anticipated
action/results
-Indications
-Contraindications
-Potential adverse effects
-Correct dosage/route
-Required assessments
The 3 P's correct answers-Pharmaceutic Phase
-Pharmacokinetics
-Pharmacodynamics
Pharmaceutic Phase correct answers- Only solid oral drugs
- Disintegration & dissolution (Absorbability)
- Affected by: -Stomach pH -Enteric coating -Food
Pharmacokinetics correct answers- the study of the action of drugs within the body
- how the body deals with the drug
- drug movement to achieve drug action
Four processes of Pharmacokinetics correct answers- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion Absorption correct answersmovement from point of contact (GI tract, muscle, or tissue) into systemic circulation
Factors affecting absorption correct answers- Blood flow
- pH
- Pain/Stress (constricts blood vessels make it harder for blood to flow -> slows medication
- Age
- First Pass Effect
First Pass Effect correct answers- Drug passes through liver, via portal vein, before reaching systemic circulation
- Can reduce bioavailability of drug
Bioavailability correct answers% of actual administered drug dose that makes it to systemic circulation
- Oral never = 100%
- If drug changed from IV to oral dosage must be higher to obtain effect
Distribution correct answers-How does drug get to where it is going
-How much is available to tissue (bound/inactive vs. free/active)
-Pharmacologic effect dependent on: -Blood flow -Protein binding (albumin & globulin) -Serum albumin levels -Neonate and geriatric (less albumin binding sites) -Affinity for tissue
Age considerations for distribution correct answersPediatrics -more body fluid (lower concentration of drug) -less fat tissue (fat soluble drugs may require lower dosage) Geriatrics -less body fluid (higher concentration of drug) -more fat tissue (decreased desired effect)
Metabolism AKA Biotransformation correct answers- transforming a substance to a less active or inactive form
- preparation for excretion or clearance
Where does metabolism/biotransformation occur? correct answers- Liver (primary)
- GI tract, respiratory, and renal (Secondary)
Age considerations for metabolism correct answersPediatrics -<2 years old (decreased hepatic enzymes slower metabolism)
Pharmacology correct answersstudy of the biological effect of chemicals
Drug correct answersa chemical that is introduced into the body that elicits or brings about a change
Pharmacotherapeutics/Clinical Pharmacology correct answersutilizes drugs for the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of disease
-how drugs effect the body
-how the body responds to drugs
What is the nurses role? correct answers- to safely administer drugs
- monitor response
- provide patient/family teaching about the drug
- all made possible by first understanding
In order to safely administer drugs the nurse needs to know correct answers-Anticipated
action/results
-Indications
-Contraindications
-Potential adverse effects
-Correct dosage/route
-Required assessments
The 3 P's correct answers-Pharmaceutic Phase
-Pharmacokinetics
-Pharmacodynamics
Pharmaceutic Phase correct answers- Only solid oral drugs
- Disintegration & dissolution (Absorbability)
- Affected by: -Stomach pH -Enteric coating -Food
Pharmacokinetics correct answers- the study of the action of drugs within the body
- how the body deals with the drug
- drug movement to achieve drug action
Four processes of Pharmacokinetics correct answers- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion Absorption correct answersmovement from point of contact (GI tract, muscle, or tissue) into systemic circulation
Factors affecting absorption correct answers- Blood flow
- pH
- Pain/Stress (constricts blood vessels make it harder for blood to flow -> slows medication
- Age
- First Pass Effect
First Pass Effect correct answers- Drug passes through liver, via portal vein, before reaching systemic circulation
- Can reduce bioavailability of drug
Bioavailability correct answers% of actual administered drug dose that makes it to systemic circulation
- Oral never = 100%
- If drug changed from IV to oral dosage must be higher to obtain effect
Distribution correct answers-How does drug get to where it is going
-How much is available to tissue (bound/inactive vs. free/active)
-Pharmacologic effect dependent on: -Blood flow -Protein binding (albumin & globulin) -Serum albumin levels -Neonate and geriatric (less albumin binding sites) -Affinity for tissue
Age considerations for distribution correct answersPediatrics -more body fluid (lower concentration of drug) -less fat tissue (fat soluble drugs may require lower dosage) Geriatrics -less body fluid (higher concentration of drug) -more fat tissue (decreased desired effect)
Metabolism AKA Biotransformation correct answers- transforming a substance to a less active or inactive form
- preparation for excretion or clearance
Where does metabolism/biotransformation occur? correct answers- Liver (primary)
- GI tract, respiratory, and renal (Secondary)
Age considerations for metabolism correct answersPediatrics -<2 years old (decreased hepatic enzymes slower metabolism)
