SLP Research Methods Praxis with Verified Solutions 2024

SLP Research Methods Praxis with Verified Solutions 2024 empiricism - Answer -knowledge based on sensory experience or objective observations determinism - Answer -events have causes, nothing happens without a cause deductive method - Answer -explain-first-and-verify later approach inductive method - Answer -experiment-first-and-explain later approach null hypotheses - Answer -zero; states that two variables are not related alternative hypotheses - Answer -states that two variables are related; perhaps one is the cause of the other validity - Answer -the degree to which an instrument measures what it purports to measure predictive validity - Answer -criterion validity; the accuracy with which a test predicts future performance on a related task (i.e., a score on the praxis exam may predict performance as a clinician) concurrent validity - Answer -criterion-related validity; the degree to which a new test correlates with an established test of known validity (i.e., how a new test correlates with an old test) construct validity - Answer -the degree to which test scores are consistent with theoretical constructs or concepts (i.e., as children grow older, their language will improve) content validity - Answer -determines if items on a test adequately sample the full range of the skill being tested and if they are relevant to what the test purports to measure internal validity - Answer --the degree to which data in a study reflect a true cause-effect relationship -no confounding variable was present/only treatment produced the positive changes in the clients who received it external validity - Answer --generalizability -the extent to which the investigator can extend or generalize the study's results to other subjects and situations Hawthorne Effect - Answer -the extent to which a study's results are affected by participants' knowle