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What is the central ray for an AP axial coccyx? : Angle 10 degrees caudad What does ERCP stand for and what is it done for? : Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography; used to diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathologies when the biliary ducts are not dilated and no obstruction exists in the ampulla What do Flexion/Extension views of the Cervical Spine assess? : AP motility of the cervical spine, or lack of movement due to trauma or disease In SC35, what is the limit for light field and x-ray field alignment? : Must not exceed 2% of the SID Why do we do a ball catcher's view? : Assist in detecting early radiologic changes needed to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis What is Orthostatic Hypotension? 2 : Low blood pressure due to standing upright (dizziness after getting up from a supine position) What is the difference between Germicide and Disinfectant? : Germicide is a solution that destroys microorganisms; Disinfectant is a type of germicide that inhibits the growth of bacteria Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured? : Scaphoid What is the difference between Lauenstein and cross-table lateral views of the hip? : Lauenstein=lesser trochanter in profile medially and femoral neck superimposes greater trochanter Cross-table Lateral=femoral neck demonstrated without overlap from greater trochanter and a small amount of the lesser trochanter on the posterior surface of the femur demonstrated in profile Why do we include anterior soft tissue on a trauma cross-table lateral of the c-spine? : Allows accurate measurement for any type of vertebral displacement or noticeable swelling that could suggest a disguised fracture 3 When imaging the intercondylar fossa, which body part is perpendicular to the central ray? : The long axis of the lower leg What is the purpose of lateral bending for scoliosis imaging? : Employed in patients with early scoliosis to determine the presence of structural change when bending to the right and left (compensatory curve will correct itself on one of these images), as well predict or assess degree of correction that can be obtained What is the optimal kV for a chest x-ray and why? : 110-125 kV sufficiently penetrates the heart shadow and visualizes the thoracic vertebrae as well as provides the long scale of contrast necessary to visualize lung details When doing a portable chest x-ray, how do you adjust the central ray for a kyphotic patient? : Angle less (closer to perpendicular) slightly or leave the tube perpendicular so clavicles will be 1" below apices of lun