Praxis 5354: Special Education Core Knowledge and Applications 100% Correct

Praxis 5354: Special Education Core Knowledge and Applications 100% Correct Piaget Stages of Cognitive Development; asserted that cognitive development was a reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experiences Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational Sensorimotor What stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development does this describe? - 0-2 years - children figure out the world through sensory and motor experiences - object permanence and separation anxiety hallmarks of this stage Pre-Operational What stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development does this describe? - 2-6 years - children identify and use symbols for objects but don't have ability to apply logical reasoning - play pretend and are egocentric Concrete Operational What stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development does this describe? - 7-12 years - logical reasoning about concrete objects kicks in - conservation, reversibility, serial ordering, understanding cause and effect relationships hallmark of this stage - thinking is still limited to the concrete Formal Operational What stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development does this describe? - 12 years-adult - abstract thinking such as logic, deductive reasoning, comparison, and classification demonstrated in this stage Atypical Child Development a child does not develop normally - can result in developmental disabilities Developmental Disabilities a group of conditions due to a physical, neurological, learning, language, or behavior impairment - these conditions impact day-to-day functioning and usually last throughout a person's lifetime Self-Determination the ability to make decisions for oneself and to control one's own future - a student with a strong ______________ is motivated by opportunities to collaborate on instructional design, set goals for themselves, and navigate obstacles to succeed - best understood through intrinsic motivation Self-Advocacy speaking up for oneself and expressing needs and wants - very important in special education because as students get older, they will have to express their needs for accommodations so they can thrive Intrinsic Motivation behavior driven by internal rewards rather than external rewards - driven by autonomy, relatedness, and competence Autonomy has to do with students' independence and self-governance - allowing students to decide how and what they learn helps increase this and increase motivation