FNDN NUR exam 2.docx

"this is the worst headache of my life" - correct answer -may be life-threatening -needs immediate attention headache + fever + acute neck stiffness - correct answer -signs of meningitis -needs immediate attention Presyncope - correct answer "near faint" no loss of consciousness syncope - correct answer fainting, brief loss of consciousness Disequilibrium - correct answer feeling of falling vertigo - correct answer spinning sensation -cardinal symptom of vestibular dysfunction otalgia - correct answer ear pain otorrhea - correct answer ear drainage pharyngitis - correct answer sore throat rhinorrhea - correct answer runny nose epistaxis - correct answer nosebleed Normocephalic - correct answer Normal head. microcephaly (abnormal finding) - correct answer small head macrocephaly (abnormal finding) - correct answer big head CN V : Trigeminal - correct answer Play a role in chewing (M) & facial sensation (S) Test motor: palpate clenched teeth Test S: identify light touch with closed eyes CN VII: Facial - correct answer plays a role in facial movement (m) & taste (s) Test (m): smile, close eyes, puff cheeks, raise eyebrows, etc Test (s): salt vs sugar test Bell's Palsy - correct answer inflammation of facial nerve (CN VII) -typical recovery: 2 weeks - 6 months -affects face only*** stroke - correct answer ischemic injury of CN VII -may be permanent or may improve over months-years -additional deficits: speech abnormalities, extreme weakness etc -many other causes exist red flag for vision assessment - correct answer sudden loss of vision Snellen chart vs Rosenbaum card - correct answer distance vision test vs near vision test BOTH testing optic nerve (CN II) legally blind - correct answer 20/200 confrontation test - correct answer assesses peripheral vision CN II diplopia - correct answer double vision hemianopia - correct answer vision loss in half of the visual field myopia - correct answer nearsightedness hyperopia - correct answer farsightedness presbyopia - correct answer impaired vision as a result of aging (farsightedness) macular degeneration - correct answer loss of central vision ptosis - correct answer drooping of the upper eyelid blepharitis - correct answer inflammation of the eyelid abnormal eye findings - correct answer jaundice subconjunctival hemorrhage conjunctivitis Red reflex test - correct answer N: red glow Abnormal: absence of red glow corneal light reflex test - correct answer use penlight to observe parallel alignment of light reflection on corneas strabismus - correct answer abnormal alignment of the eyes (cross eyed) can be caused by an eye muscle or nerve problem nystagmus - correct answer Involuntary rapid eye movements Inspect pupils - correct answer CN III (oculomotor)- controls pupil constriction N: 2-6mm in size, PERRLA, consensual response ABN: fixed/ blown pupil, pinpoint Optic (II) - correct answer Function: visual acuity, peripheral vision Tested by: snellen chart, confrontation test, fundoscopic exam oculomotor (III) - correct answer Function: pupil constriction Tested by: Test for PERRLA (penlight) oculomotor(III) trochlear(IV) abducens(VI) - correct answer Function: control EOM of the eye Tested by: six cardinal fields of gaze Otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus - correct answer ear pain otorrhea ringing in the ear CN VIII Vestibulocochlear - correct answer hearing and equilibrium (bringing sound information to the ear) Tested by: the whisper test (can hear 50% of words for each ear) conductive hearing loss - correct answer caused by obstruction or trauma ex.). cerumen impaction, OME, perforated tympanic membrane sensorineural hearing loss - correct answer caused by problem with inner ear or CN VIII 90% of hearing loss cases ex.)presbycusis macrotia - correct answer abnormally large ears Microtia - correct answer abnormally small ears Inspect inner ear - correct answer otoscope: often specialty/advanced practice 3 years: pull earlobe down & back 3+ years: pull helix (pinna) up & back Normal tympanic membrane - correct answer intact, pearly gray appearance, cone of the light present otitis externa - correct answer Infection of the outer ear (ear canal) (edema, erythema, drainage often noted) Otitis Media