CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE SKIN QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE SKIN QUESTIONS What forms peptides? - ANS-amino acids What is a characteristic of healthy skin? - ANS-slightly acidic If amino acids form peptides, what do peptides form? - ANS-proteins What term refers to the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue? - ANS-skin histology What are the building blocks of body tissue? - ANS-proteins Skin is also known as the integumentary system. - ANS-True Appendages of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands. - ANS-True Skin is thickest on the knees and elbows. - ANS-False Skin histology is the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue. - ANS-True Hormones, growth factors, and other biochemicals control the skin's intricate functions. - ANS-True Healthy skin is highly acidic. - ANS-False The building blocks of body tissue are fats. - ANS-False Skin is the largest organ in the body. - ANS-True glands that produce sebum - ANS-sebaceous glands that excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body - ANS-sudoriferous the average pH of the acid mantle - ANS-5,5 the hormone that stimulates cells to reproduce and heal - ANS-epidermal growth factor protects the body from overheating - ANS-perspiration the average internal temperature of the human body - ANS-98,6 goose bumps result from contraction of this muscle - ANS-arrector pili the items in the dermis that respond to touch, pain, cold, heat, and pressure - ANS-sensory nerve endings the oil that provides protection for the epidermis - ANS-sebum the process of injured skin to restore itself to its normal thickness - ANS-hyperproduction of cells and blood clotting Follicles are sweat gland openings. - ANS-False The six primary functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption. - ANS-True The average pH of the acid mantle is 2.5. - ANS-False Proteins and peptides trigger the intercellular matrix and cells to rejuvenate. - ANS-False The body perspires to protect us from overheating. - ANS-True Oil comprises about 50 to 70 percent of the skin. - ANS-False Evaporation causes transepidermal water loss. - ANS-True Lymph is oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and that lubricates the skin. - ANS-False Sven is also curious about the effect of moisturizer on the hydrolipidic film on the surface of the skin, whose function is the _____ of the skin. - ANS-protection As Sven reviews the ingredients and their potential benefits, he remembers his esthetics training and the importance of studying the physiology and histology of the skin. For example, Sven recalls that - ANS-skin products are continually improved based on ongoing research, and estheticians need to understand how certain products affect skin health and function In particular, Sven is concerned about maintaining the integrity of the barrier function of the skin, including the _____, which protects against _____. - ANS-the acid mantle; transepidermal water loss Sven understands the importance of the sensitivity of the fingertips for the _____ function of the skin. - ANS-sensation The sales representative claims that one of the new products can "melt away fat." Sven is cautious about this claim; it sounds too good to be true. In addition, he knows that some fat is beneficial to the body, as fat layers function to _____ the body in order to maintain body temperature. - ANS-insulate Next, the representative shows Sven a hand moisturizer. This moisturizer has an ingredient that does not affect the function of the fingertips, which are the most sensitive parts of the body due to _____. - ANS-the presence of abundant sensory nerve fibers Another product promises to prevent the production of sebum. While this might be beneficial to some clients, Sven recognizes that sebum secreted by the _____ glands is important for slowing down the evaporation of water from the skin. - ANS-sebaceous The sales representative seems knowledgeable about skin physiology, as he reminds Sven that these topical products work because the skin _____ the chemicals. - ANS-absorbs Sven tells the sales representative to follow up with him after he has had a chance to do some research on the products' effectiveness. The sales representative agrees, and emphasizes that the new product line ingredients are designed to _____, because these are best absorbed into the skin. - ANS-have smaller molecular sizes the process of injured skin to restore itself to its normal thickness - ANS- Clare has returned from a week-long vacation in the Bahamas and has made an appointment with Donna, an esthetician, for a facial. While examining her skin, Donna notices that Clare has a tan in certain areas on her face and neck. Clare complains that she is beginning to see wrinkles around her mouth and eyes, that the skin on her nose is a bit oily, and that there are dark spots embedded in the skin. During her examination, Donna is observing Clare's _____. - ANS-epidermis Clare has returned from a week-long vacation in the Bahamas and has made an appointment with Donna, an esthetician, for a facial. While examining her skin, Donna notices that Clare has a tan in certain areas on her face and neck. Clare complains that she is beginning to see wrinkles around her mouth and eyes, that the skin on her nose is a bit oily, and that there are dark spots embedded in the skin. Clare's tan is a result of the effect of ultraviolet light increasing the amount of _____ in her skin. - ANS-melanin Clare has returned from a week-long vacation in the Bahamas and has made an appointment with Donna, an esthetician, for a facial. While examining her skin, Donna notices that Clare has a tan in certain areas on her face and neck. Clare complains that she is beginning to see wrinkles around her mouth and eyes, that the skin on her nose is a bit oily, and that there are dark spots embedded in the skin