BIO 210 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS

BIO 210 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS Gene expression - Answer- the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or; in some case, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead functions as RNAs Ionic bonds - Answer- Bonds that require donating and accepting electrons Emergent properties - Answer- Properties of a complex system that are not present within its parts but that emerge only when those parts are combined. Natural selection - Answer- A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. Electronegativity - Answer- is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Polar covalent bond - Answer- a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive Anion - Answer- A negatively charged ion Cation - Answer- A positively charged ion Van der Waals interactions - Answer- very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together hydrogen bonds - Answer- A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. Adhesion - Answer- An attraction between molecules of different substances Cohesion - Answer- Attraction between molecules of the same substance Specific heat - Answer- The measure of the heat energy required to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval.The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius Evaporative cooling - Answer- The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state Heat of vaporization - Answer- The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas Hydrocarbons - Answer- organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen cis/trans isomers - Answer- Trans- they are on opposite sides Cis- they are on the same side Enantiomers - Answer- Isomers that are mirror images of each other adenosine triphosphate - Answer- -an energy containing compound made of nitrogen component adenine, 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate group polymer - Answer- a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds monomers - Answer- A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer. Dehydration reactions - Answer- chemical reactions that involve the loss of water from the reacting molecule hydrolysis - Answer- Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water carbohydrates - Answer- simple sugars that can be broken down to release energy monosaccharides - Answer- simple sugars starch - Answer- A storage polysaccharide found in the roots of plants and certain other cells; a polymer of glucose. glycosidic linkage - Answer- a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharaides by a dehydration reaction. polysaccharides - Answer- a polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions glycogen - Answer- A form of stored blood sugar (glucose) typically derived from food; stored in limited amounts in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. cellulose - Answer- A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages. Humans can not digest, cows can lipids - Answer- A group of organic compounds composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen including a proportionately smaller amount of oxygen; are insoluble in water, serve as a source of stored energy, and are a component of cell membranes. disaccaride - Answer- two monosaccarides linked together by dehydration synthesis; glycosidic linkag