BIO 210 Lecture Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

BIO 210 Lecture Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass what tissue types make up the integument? - Answer- connective, epithelial, muscle (arrector pili), nervous (merkle cells) another term for integument - Answer- cutaneous membrane study of skin: - Answer- dermatology subcutaneous layer - Answer- aka hypodermis, connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis thin skin - Answer- covers most of the body thick skin - Answer- Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes melanin - Answer- A pigment that gives the skin its color and protects from UV exposure nevus - Answer- mole freckles - Answer- flat, melanized patches capillary hemangioma - Answer- a soft, raised, pink, or red vascular birthmark cavernous hemangioma - Answer- collection of blood, the most common benign tumor lines of cleavage - Answer- collagen organized in parallel lines in body, cuts in surgery are usually made parallel to these lines to help healing striae - Answer- Stretch marks; Linear dermal scars that affects skin that is subjected to continuous stretching; vasoconstriction - Answer- narrowing of blood vessels vasodilation - Answer- widening of blood vessels integumentary structures derived from epidermis - Answer- nails, hair, exocrine glands of the skin Where is hair not found? - Answer- palms, soles, lips terminal hair - Answer- coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions vellus hair - Answer- pale, fine body hair of children and adult females Lanugo hair - Answer- also known as Vellus Hair, is the soft, white and downy hair found on the body; usually lacking a medulla merocrine sweat glands - Answer- coiled tubular glands that discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of the skin telogen phase - Answer- the final growth phase in which hair naturally falls out of the skin apocrine sweat glands - Answer- Found in armpits, around nipples, and groin; Secrete products into hair follicles; Produce sticky, cloudy secretions; Break down and cause odors; sebaceous glands - Answer- secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis Cerumenious glands - Answer- secrete earwax in ear canal Cholecalciferol - Answer- Vitamin D3 Produced by epidermal cells in the presence of UV radiation. Is transformed to CALCIDIOL in the LIVER Calcidiol - Answer- modified in the liver into another inactive form of vitamin D Calcitrol - Answer- active form of vitamin D transformed in kidney What does calcitriol do? - Answer- stimulates parathyroid hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Answer- increases blood calcium levels; stimulates kidneys & intestines to absorb more calcium; breaks down bones epidermial dendritic cells - Answer- located in stratum spinosum; immune cells Regeneration - Answer- The ability to regrow a missing part of the body fibrosis (scarring) - Answer- replacement of lost tissue components with fibrous connective tissue, loses some functionality basal cell carcinoma - Answer- Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. squamous cell carcinoma - Answer- Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules. malignant melanoma - Answer- Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. What are changes to aging skin? - Answer- wrinkles, less immunity, less hair, increased skin cancer risk first degree burn - Answer- A mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues. second degree burn - Answer- A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn. third degree burn (full thickness) - Answer- a burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, with damage or destruction of subcutaneous tissue rule of nines - Answer- A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area. components of skeletal system - Answer- bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments Hemopoiesis - Answer- production of blood cells Erthropoeisis - Answer- production of red blood cells Erythropoietin (EPO) - Answer- hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation Long bones - Answer- longer than they are wide short bones - Answer- carpals, tarsals flat bones - Answer- skull, ribs, sternum irregular bones - Answer- vertebrae and facial bones Parts of a long bone - Answer- diaphysis, epiphyses, metaphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum Parts of a Flat Bone - Answer- Inner and outer tables (Bone Sandwich) Diploe. Covered with periosteum. Lined with Endosteum. Cancellous bone filled with red marrow, even into adulthood. Can be used diagnostically--test for leukemia.Also differ in proportion of 2 different types of bone tissue.Compact Dense & solid looking. Diploe - Answer- spongy bone in flat bones blood supply in bones - Answer- -bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to stress -very vascularized --> blood vessels enter compact bone via central canals (nutrient foramen) yellow bone marrow - Answer- fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones red bone marrow - Answer- found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis bone cells - Answer- osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblasts - Answer- bone forming cells