BIOL 235 - Physiology Lab Exam Questions and Answers

BIOL 235 - Physiology Lab Exam Questions and Answers define anatomy - Answer- study of STRUCTURE and RELATIONSHIPS between body parts define physyiology - Answer- the science of HOW body parts come together to FUNCTION and keep the body alive difference between homeostasis and equilibrium - Answer- equilibrium is the equal movement of molecules homeostasis is maintained sometimes by unequal movement. it is what the body does in order to compensate for changes made due to loss of homeostasis. steps of simple control system - Answer- stimulus > sensor > control > effector ex: body temp exceeds 37 > sensors like nerve cells with endings in skin and brain > temp regulatory center in brain > sweat glands throughout body how do feedback systems maintain homeostasis - Answer- there is an initial stimulus that will result in a response. this response will result in another stimulus that will either inhibit or enhance the initial response 3 membrane modifications we talked about - Answer- lipids: creates compartments for endo and exocytosis cholesterol: affects fluidity and permeability proteins: affects how cells function based on environmental signals because they are the transporters and receptors that allow for things to cross the membrane types of gated protein channels - Answer- mechanical voltage ligand types of transport protein - Answer- gated channels carrier proteins define receptor - Answer- a molecule that can "sense" an external stimulus and sends that communication forward where can receptors be located - Answer- cell membrane, cytoplasm, or on nuclear membrane how do receptors pass on communication - Answer- 1. second messenger systems with messenger inside the cell) 2. receptors can also be ion channels body fluid compartments - Answer- ICF: 2/3 total body water volume ECF: contains blood and interstitial fluid (1/3 of body water volume) define osmotic equilibrium - Answer- equal concentration of water going both ways (ECF/ICF) define chemical disequilibrium in membranes - Answer- there are more Na, Ca and CL molecules outside the cell there are more K+ and large anions inside the cell how can cells create a difference in chemical concentrations between ICF and ECF - Answer- use pumps to move things against their gradient use energy what types of transport require energy - Answer- active transport: moving things against gradient because molecules, or either too large, or not pola