BIOL 235 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

BIOL 235 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass define the terms anatomy and physiology - Answer- provide the basic understanding of the body parts and functions anatomy - Answer- is the science of the body structures and the relationships around them dissection - Answer- the careful cutting of the body structures to study their relationships physiology - Answer- is the study of body functions-how the body parts work different levels of structural organization - Answer- chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism chemical level - Answer- atoms - smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions molecules - two or more atoms joined together; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium, and sulphur are essential for maintaining life cellular level - Answer- cell - the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals - smallest living units of the body, muscle cells, nerve cells, epithelial cells tissue level - Answer- tissues - are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a specific function (four types) epithelial - covers the bodies surfaces, lines hollow organs & cavities connective tissue - connects, protects, and supports the body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues muscular - contracts to make the body parts move and generates heat nervous - which carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses organ level - Answer- organs - are structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they specific functions and usually recognizable shapes, eg. heart, skin, stomach, liver, lungs, and brain system - Answer- system - consists of related organs with common functions , an example of a system (organ-system level) is the digestive system, which breaks down and absorbs food organismal - Answer- all the body parts functioning together constitutes a living organism identify 11 systems of the human body - Answer- integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive integumentary system - Answer- components-skin and associated structures, such as hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, and oil glands function-protects they body; helps regulate temperature, manage waste, produce vitamin D, detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, cold; stores fat and provides insulation skeletal system - Answer- components-bones & joints of the body and their associated cartilages function-supports and protects the body, provides surface area for muscle attachments, aids body movements, houses cell that produce blood cells, and stores minerals and lipids muscular system - Answer- components-specifically skeletal muscle tissue, muscle usually attached to bones, other includes smooth cardiac muscle tissue function-participates in movements, such as walking; maintains posture; produces heat nervous system - Answer- components-brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as eyes and ears function-generates action potential (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, changes in internal/external environment, interprets/responds to changes causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions endocrine system - Answer- components-hormone producing glands; pineal gland, hypothalamus pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes, as well as hormone producing cells in other organs function-regulates body activities by releasing hormones (chemical messengers transported into the blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ) cardiovascular system - Answer- components-blood, heart, and blood vessels function-heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels lymphatic system - Answer- components-lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, and others) functions-returns proteins and fluids to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal track to the blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes respiratory system - Answer- components-lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes leading into and out of lungs functions-transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs vocal cords produces sounds digestive system - Answer- components-organs of gastroin