sage final exam questions and answers

sage final exam questions and answers the simplest possible kind of true experiment is ___ -a one-group design -a two-groups design -a one-way design -a 2 X 2 factorial design - Answer- a two-groups design The major limitation of one-way experimental designs is that they only allow researchers to look at one ______ at a time. -independent variable -dependent variable -control group -treatment condition - Answer- independent variable How many cells (i.e., how many unique experimental conditions) are there in a 2 x 2 x 3 completely between-subjects factorial experiment? -6 -7 -12 -there is no way to tell without knowing more about the design - Answer- 12 In the Gilbert et al. (1988) study of causal attribution discussed in the text, the researchers independently manipulated cognitive load (low vs. high) and discussion topics (anxiety-provoking vs. relaxing). Thus, the design of this study was ______. -a one-way, four-groups design -a latin square factorial -a mixed-model design -a 2x2 factorial design - Answer- a 2x2 factorial design In a 2 x 2 factorial study, what is the maximum number of main effects that you could possibly observe? -one -two -three -four - Answer- two If you overheard a researcher say that "each of the three possible main effects in my study was significant," you could conclude that the analysis the researcher had conducted was ______. -a one-way, three-groups anova -a two-way anova -a three-way anova -a planned comparison - Answer- a three-way anova Is it possible for a statistical analysis to yield three main effects in a 2 x 2 factorial study? -no, because there are only two independent variables -no, because there are only two cells in such a design -yes, but only if the test for an interaction is significant -yes, but only if the test for an interaction is not significant - Answer- no, because there are only two independent variables If you plotted the results of a factorial study using lines whose slopes represent mean differences across different experimental conditions, the presence of a statistical interaction would show up in the form of ______. -lines that are separated by a statistically significant distance -lines that generally slope upward -lines that generally slope downward -nonparallel lines - Answer- nonparallel lines Consider the findings of the hypothetical study of plant growth summarized below (and in your text): Amount of Sunlight Received Amount of Water Received Low High Row Means Low 22.4 25.6 24.0 High 10.8 37.2 24.0 Column Means 16.6 31.4 This study appears to have yielded ______. -only a main effect of sunlight -only a main effect of water -both a main effect of sunlight and a sunlight x water interaction -both a main effect of water and a sunlight x water interaction - Answer- both a main effect of sunlight and a sunlight x water interaction a disordinal interaction is the same as _______. -a crossover interaction -a spreading interaction -a two-way interaction -an interaction and two significant main effects - Answer- a crossover interaction When an effect exists at one level of a second independent variable but is weaker or nonexistent at a different level of the second independent variable, the observed pattern is referred to as a ______. -crossover interaction -spreading interaction -simple main effect -factorial - Answer- -spreading interaction Simple effect tests are conducted to ______. -figure out the exact nature of a significant interaction -determine whether an apparent interaction is statistically significant -find out if an interaction replicates in a subset of a