AP Biology Unit 2.1 AP Exam review Questions and Answers

AP Biology Unit 2.1 AP Exam review Questions and Answers What is the structure and function of the ribosome? A ribosome has two subparts, one large subunit and one small subunit. A ribosome functions to synthesize proteins using messenger RNA How does the structure of a ribosome aid in its function? Because ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA it aids in its ability to read mRNA. because of its structure it can take in the mRNA and read it to synthesize proteins What are the three types of RNA involved in the structure and function of the ribosome? mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA How does a ribosome demonstrate common ancestry of all known life? Ribosomes demonstrate a common ancestry of all known life because ribosomes are found in every organism, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Ribosomes are vital for existence of organisms because ribosomes produce the necessary proteins every organism needs What is the structure and function of the rough ER? The rough ER is a network of membrane tubes with ribosomes attached to the outside. The Rough ER packages newly synthesized proteins for export within or out of the cell. How does the structure of the rough ER aid in its function? The ribosomes attached to the outside of the rough ER create the proteins that are then packaged by the rough ER. What is the structure and function of the smooth ER? The smooth ER is a network of membrane tubes that does not have ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies. How does the structure of the smooth ER aid in its function? The smooth endoplasmic reticulum comprises tube-like structure located near the cell periphery. The network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum allows for an increased surface area to be devoted to storage of key enzymes. What is the relationship between the ribosomes and the rough ER? The ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize the proteins packaged by the rough ER. What is the structure and function of the Golgi? The Golgi is a membranous highly folded sac. The golgi takes in newly synthesized proteins, modifies them, then sends them out for export in vesicles. How does the structure of the Golgi aid in the function?