AP Biology Questions and Answers (Graded A)

AP Biology Questions and Answers (Graded A) The resting membrane potential depends on which of the following? I. Active transport II. Selective permeability III. Differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane A. III only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III D The resting potential depends on active transport (the Na+K+-ATPase pump) and the selective permeability of the axon membrane to K+ than to Na+, which leads to a differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane. The Krebs cycle in humans occurs in the A. mitochondrial matrix B. inner mitochondrial membrane C. outer mitochondrial membrane D. intermembrane space A The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Don't forget to review the site of each stage of aerobic respiration. Glycolysis, the first step in aerobic respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm. The electron transport chain occurs along the inner mitochondrial membrane. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs as protons (H+ ions) move from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. A heterotroph A. obtains its energy from sunlight, harnessed by pigments B. obtains its energy by oxidizing organic molecules C. makes organic molecules from CO2 D. obtains its energy by consuming exclusively autotrophs B A heterotroph obtains its energy from organic molecules. An autotroph obtains energy from sunlight utilizing pigments such as chlorophyll, and uses CO2 and water to make organic molecules. Therefore, (A) and (C) can be eliminated. Heterotrophs can obtain their energy from ingesting autotrophs, but they can also consume other heterotrophs. Regarding meiosis and mitosis, one difference between the two forms of cellular reproduction is that in meiosis A. there is one round of cell division, whereas in mitosis there are two rounds of cell division B. separation of sister chromatids occurs during the second division, whereas in mitosis separation of sister chromatids occurs during the first division C. chromosomes are replicated during interphase, whereas in mitosis chromosomes are replicated during prophase D. spindle fibers form during prophase, whereas in mitosis the spindle fibers form during metaphase B In meiosis, the sister chromatids separate during the second metaphase of meiosis (Meiosis II), whereas the sister chromatids separate during metaphase of mitosis. A feature of amino acids NOT found in carbohydrates is the presence of