WGU C955 - Module 6: Correlation & Regression Advanced Test

A researcher wants to know if there was a relationship between student age and desire to complete a college degree. To answer this question, the researcher used a local community college as the sampling frame and then used stratified sampling to get a sample of students from 18 to 80 years old. Based on the information given, is there any potential bias in this study? a Yes, because the sampling frame does not match the intended population of the question. b Yes, because the sampling method will not give a representative sample. c Yes, because a voluntary sample should have been used. d No, there will likely be no bias in this study. - ANSWERSYes, because the sampling frame does not match the intended population of the question. A researcher conducts an observational study and finds a correlation between managers' income and the number of college credits earned. The correlation coefficient was r=.85 with a regression equation of y=515x+12000. What can you say about the relationship between these variables? a There is an association between these variables b There is a causation between these variables. c There is no relationship between these variables. d There is not enough information to determine the relationship between the variables. - ANSWERSThere is an association between these variables What technique is used to estimate the profit margin for a production level of 25 thousand units, if a line of best fit is created to estimate profit margin for production levels between 20 to 39 thousand units? a Interpolation b Linearization c Extrapolation d Internalization - ANSWERSInterpolation What is the most appropriate definition of a scatterplot? a A graph that uses dots to demonstrate relationships between two categorical variables. b A graph where lines are shown to represent positive or negative trends. c A graph where the explanatory and response variables are plotted as ordered pairs. d A graph where a positive causation is always represented with dots forming a straight line. - ANSWERSA graph where the explanatory and response variables are plotted as ordered pairs. What does a strong positive correlation between two variables suggest? a The explanatory variable is increasing and the response variable is decreasing b There is an association between the variables c There is a causation between the variables d Cannot determine - ANSWERSThere is an association between the variables {{ Scatterplot of distance from city center vs. rent. The linear equation for this scatterplot is y equals negative one hundred five ten thousandths times x plus ten and three hundred eighty one thousandths. }} Using the scatterplot Distance from City Center vs. Monthly Rent, how far can we expect an apartment to be from the city center if the monthly rent is $ 980 ? Round your answer to the nearest mile. a Around 54 miles b Around 55 miles c Around 56 miles d Around 57 miles - ANSWERSAround 55 miles Which correlation coefficient suggests the weakest correlation? a −0.9 b −0.3 c 0.1 d 1 - ANSWERS0.1 What does it mean for a result or relationship to be statistically significant? a The relationship is not caused by mere chance. b The relationship is caused by chance. c Your hypothesis test has failed. d Your significance level is not high enough. - ANSWERSThe relationship is not caused by mere chance. What is the process used to create the equation for the line of best fit? a Completing the square b Least squares estimation c Fitting the line to the curve d Linear approximation - ANSWERSLeast squares estimation A relationship between two or more variables is known as a(n) ________. a Causation b Association c Cause and effect d Correlation - ANSWERSAssociation Using a line of best fit in slope-intercept form, y=mx+b , what must be true if there is a positive correlation? a m must be >0 . b b must be >0 . c Both m and b must be >0 . d Both m and b must have the same sign. - ANSWERSm must be >0. Consider the following equation, y=−3.2x+2.8 . What is the y -intercept for this equation? a −3.2 b 3.2 c 2.8 d −2.8 - ANSWERS2.8 When linear regression is used to show there is a linear association between two variables, we know the relationship is: a A causation b A correlation c Neither A nor B d Both A and B - ANSWERSA correlation A restaurant owner wants to see if she can use low temperatures to boost soup sales at her restaurant. To study a possible relationship between temperature and soup sales, she collects data throughout the year on the temperature of a given day (ranging between 20 degrees F and 90 degrees F) and the amount of soup sold that day. She performs a linear regression and comes up with a least squares regression line of y=−1.64x+176.6 with r=−0.89 where x is the temperature (in degrees F) and y is the number of daily soup sales. How much soup should she expect to sell on a day that is 50 degrees F? Round to the nearest integer. a 177 orders of soup b 95 orders of soup c 259 orders of soup d 101 orders of soup - ANSWERS95 orders of soup The line of best fit is also known as: a The extrapolation line b The regression line c The interpolation line d None of the above - ANSWERSThe regression line If a trend appears in a large sample of data, the trend may not be replicated if the sample is broken up into smaller subsets. What is this effect known as? a Foster's Theorem b Bayes' Theorem c Simpson's Paradox d Consistency Construct - ANSWERSSimpson's Paradox A variable not included in the study that is related to the measured variables in a study is called a ____________. a Independent variable b Confounding variable c Dependent variable d Lurking variable - ANSWERSLurking variable Using the scatterplot below, what type of correlation is suggested? Scatterplot displaying data points distributed from lower left to upper right. Points are relatively close to one another. a No correlation b Weak negative positive c Moderate positive d Strong negative - ANSWERSModerate positive What must be true about the dots on a scatterplot if there is no correlation? a The dots are far away from the line of best fit. b The dots form no recognizable linear pattern. c The dots are evenly spaced around the graph. d The dots form a non-linear pattern. - ANSWERSThe dots form no recognizable linear pattern. What is (are) a potential problem(s) that can occur when attempting to use regression analysis? a Extrapolation b Lurking variables c Inappropriate sampling d A, B, and C - ANSWERSA, B, and C A researcher conducts an experimental study and finds a correlation between salary and levels of experience. The correlation coefficient was r=.75 with a regression equation of y=515x+17500 . What can you say about the relationship between these variables? a There is an association between these variables