Research Methods- Psychology AS AQA Questions and Answers 2024

Research Methods- Psychology AS AQA Questions and Answers 2024 Internal validity - Answer-Whether the study has tested what it meant to test; degree to which observed effect was due to experimental manipulation rather than extraneous variables External validity - Answer-Degree to which research finding can be generalised: to other settings (ecological validity); to other groups of people (population validity); over time (historical validity) Control - Answer-Refers to extent to which any variable is held constant or regulated by a researcher Mundane realism - Answer-Refers to how a study mirrors real world. Task environment is realistic to experiences encountered in real world. Confidentiality - Answer-Participants right to have personal information protected Deception - Answer-Where participant isn't told true aims of a study and thus can't give truly informed consent Informed consent - Answer-Participants have right to be given comprehensive information concerning nature and purpose of research and their role in it so they can decided whether want to take part Privacy - Answer-Persons right to control flow if information about themselves Protection from harm - Answer-Participants shouldn't experience negative physical or psychological effects Right to withdraw - Answer-Participants should have right to withdraw from taking part in study where they're feeling uncomfortable, also have right to refuse permission for researcher to use any data they produced Ethics committee - Answer-Group of people within research institution that must approve study before it begins Ethical guidelines - Answer-Concrete, quasi-legal documents that help guide conduct within psychology by establishing principles for standard practice and competence Presumptive consent - Answer-Method of dealing with lack informed consent or deception, by asking group of people who are similar to participants whether they would agree to take part, if they consent it is presented real people would also agree Directional hypothesis - Answer-States direction of predicted differences between two conditions or two groups of participants Non-directional hypothesis - Answer-Predicts that there will be a difference between two conditions or groups, without stating direction of difference Pilot study - Answer-Small scale study run of study to test any aspects of design Confederate - Answer-Individual in study who isn't real participant- could act as independent variable Counterbalancing - Answer-Experimental technique used to overcome order effects. Ensures each condition is tested first or second in equal amounts. Experimental design - Answer-Set of procedures used to control influence of factors such as participant variables in an experiment Independent groups - Answer-Participants allocated to two or m