AQA Psychology – Approaches Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

AQA Psychology – Approaches Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers Who is associated with the emergence of psychology as a science? - Answer-Wundt What is 'introspection'? - Answer-The first systematic attempt at examining thought processes using feelings, emotions and sensations. What are the key assumptions of the biological approach? - Answer-Behaviour originates from biological structures: genes, nervous system and neurochemistry. What are the 3 causes of behaviour according to the biological approach? - Answer- Genes and evolution, biological structures and neurochemistry. What does the biological approach say about genes and evolution? - Answer-Genes influence behaviour through natural selection and survival of the fittest. GENOTYPE - genetic make up. PHENOTYPE - characteristic (made up of environment and genotype). Twins concordance rates (probability of having the same trait) are studied (100% MZ 50% DZ) What does the biological approach say about biological structures? - Answer-Nervous system (neurones in the brain) is responsible for behaviour. Any physical damage to brain changes behaviour e.g. HM had hippocampus removed and it effected his memory. What does the biological approach say about neurochemistry? - Answer- Neurotransmitters (chemicals in brain) are responsible for behaviour. Levels of neurotransmitters effect behaviour. What are the strengths of the biological approach? - Answer-REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS - lead to effective treatments by altering neurotransmitter levels e.g. Serotonin and depressions SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE - concordance rates for schizophrenia 48%MZ 17%DZ What are the weaknesses for the biological approach? - Answer-CORRELATIONAL DATA - can't alter neurotransmitters, only a relationship. NATURE AND NURTURE - concordance rates not 100% so must be environment involved too. What are the 2 learning approaches? - Answer-Behaviourist approach and social learning theory. What are the key assumptions of the learning approach? - Answer-Behaviour learnt from experience. What does the behaviourist approach say about classical conditioning? - Answer- Learning occurs through paring of NS and UCS (association). UCS-UCS NS+UCS CS-CR. Pavlov's dogs: food - happiness Food+bell Bell - happiness, food had becomes conditioned. What does the behaviourist approach say about operant conditioning? - Answer- POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT - behaviour more likely to get reward. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT - behaviour less likely to avoid consequence. PUNISHMENT - behaviour less likely because of consequence. Skinner's rats: pulled a lever to get a treat, and do actions to avoid getting electric shocked. What are the strengths of the behaviourist approach? - Answer-SCIENTIFIC METHODS - observations in controlled environment that can be replicated. REAL LIFE APPLICATION - lead to conditioning treatments (systematic desensitisation) What are the weaknesses of the behaviourist approach? - Answer-ANIMAL RESEARCH - ethical issues, in stressful situations and can't generalise to humans. LACK OF BIOLOGY - evidence from twins studies sugge