AQA A Level Psychology – Gender Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

AQA A Level Psychology – Gender Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass what is your sex? - Answer-whether you are biologically male or female what is your gender? - Answer-the way you act and identify yourself what is 'androgynous'? - Answer-having a balanced combination of masculine and feminine characteristics what are sex-roles? - Answer-the particular behaviours expected of men and women what are sex-role stereotypes? - Answer-ideas about sex-roles that are widely held but tend to be narrow, inflexible, and over generalised what was bem's self-report questionnaire known as? - Answer-the bem sex role inventory how was the bem sex role inventory developed? - Answer-he asked 50 male and 50 female students to rate personality traits as being either masculine and feminine. the most highly rated masculine, feminine and neutral words were used to form a questionnaire what is the bem sex role inventory used for? - Answer-to measure the mix of stereotypically masculine and feminine traits present in an individual how does the BSRI work? - Answer-people rate themselves for the traits on a scale of 1 to 7. those who score highly for both masculine and feminine traits are said to be psychologically androgynous why does bem suggest that androgyny is advantageous? - Answer-because people have the traits needed to cope with a range of situations give a study that suggests environmental factors cause psychological androgyny - Answer-weisner and wilson-mitchell compared children raised in families that put emphasis on traditional gender roles with children raised in families that downplayed them. androgyny was higher in the children encouraged to ignore gender roles what are the advantages of the bsri? - Answer-- it has a high test-retest reliability as the RPs give same answers each time what are the disadvantages of the bsri? - Answer-- it is a reductionist theory, as it reduces femininity and masculinity to a single score - it is also based on outdated views - its validity depends on how accurately RPs rate themselves when does gender identity disorder occur? - Answer-when someone feels their biological sex doesn't match their psychological gender and it causes them distress as well as wanting to change their sex what is the biological explanation of gender identity disorder? - Answer-the brain functioning of the individuals is more typical of the other sex. this may happen if an individual has unusual hormone levels during brain development what are the strengths of the biological explanation of GID? - Answer-- kruijver et al found the number of neurones in a region of the brain (BSTc) in MtF transgender people was siilar to the number in biological women - hare et al found that MtF transgender people were more likely than cis men to have a particular version of an androgen receptor gene what are the weaknesses of the biological explanation of GID? - Answer-- chung et al found sex differences in the BSTc didn't appear until adulthood, so may be a result of gender developing not the cause - most girls with CAH who produce more testosterone don't develop GID - other factors may have an effect how has social learning theory been used to explain GID? - Answer-if a child imitates a role model of the other sex, or behaviour associated with the opposite sex is reinforced, they may develop a different gender to their sex what did rekers and lovaas argue? - Answer-GID could be resolved by reinforcing gender appropriate behaviours why don't many psychologists agree with rekers and lovaas? - Answer-they argue it stigmatises people with an atypical gender identity what did rekers link his suggestion about GID to? - Answer-the idea that homosexuality was a disorder that could be 'cured' what does biological psychology argue about gender differences? - Answer-that behavioural differences an be explained by differences in brain development and activity what pair of chromosomes do females have? - Answer-XX what pair of chromosomes do males have? - Answer-XY what chromosome leads to male development and why? - Answer-Y, because it causes the development of testes causing testosterone to be produced how can testosterone be used to explain gender? - Answer-it has organising effects on the brain causing 'male' traits by shaping the hypothalamus. it affects brain development (structural differences between males and females) what did hyde find about psychological differences between genders? - Answer- reviewed 46 meta-analyses and found that there was a very small or no difference what is klinefelter's syndrome? - Answer-when males are born wi