Approaches - AQA AS Psychology Exam Questions and Answers

Approaches - AQA AS Psychology Exam Questions and Answers Psychology - Answer-The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those functions affecting behaviour in a given context Science - Answer-A means of acquiring knowledge through systematic and objective observation, with the aim to discover general laws Introspection - Answer-(Wundt) The first systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations Cartesian dualism - Answer-(Descartes) The mind and body are independent from each other Behaviourist approach - Answer-A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning Assumptions of behaviourist approach - Answer-- Studying behaviour which is observable and measurable - Not concerned about internal mental processes - Watson rejected introspection - Lab experiments - Basic processes that govern learning are the same for all species Classical conditioning - Answer-(Pavlov) Learning by association: occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together (UCS and neutral stimulus). The neutral stimulus eventually produce the same response that was first produced by the unlearned stimulus alone Operant conditioning - Answer-(Skinner) Behaviour is shaped and maintained through its consequences (positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment) Behaviourist approach evaluation - Answer-+ Scientific credibility: emphasising replications and objectivity, influential in developing