pilbeam questions.docx

Chapter.1 The pressure difference between the alveolus (Palv) and the body surface (Pbs) is called A. Transpulmonary pressure B. Transrespiratory pressure C. Transairway pressure D. Transthoracic pressure - correct answer D. Transthoracic pressure Define elastance.: A. Ability of a structure to stretch B. Ability of a structure to return to its natural shape after stretching C. Ability of a structure to stretch and remain in that position D. None of the above - correct answer B. Ability of a structure to return to its natural shape after stretching Which of the following formulas is used to calculate compliance? A. ΔV = C/ΔP B. ΔP = ΔV/C C. C = ΔV/ΔP D. C = ΔP/ΔV - correct answer Another term for airway pressure is A. Mouth pressure B. Airway opening pressure C. Mask pressure D. All of the above - correct answer D. All of the above Intraalveolar pressure (in relation to atmospheric pressure) at the end of inspiration during a normal quiet breath is approximately A. −5 cm H2O B. 0 cm H2O C. +5 cm H2O D. 10 cm H2O - correct answer D. 10 cm H2O Which of the following is associated with an increase in airway resistance? A. Decreasing the flow rate of gas into the airway B. Low airway opening pressures C. Reducing the diameter of the endotracheal tube D. Reducing the length of the endotracheal tube - correct answer A. Decreasing the flow rate of gas into the airway Which of the following statements is true regarding negative pressure ventilation? A. Chest cuirass is often used in the treatment of hypovolemic patients. B. Tank respirators are particularly useful in the treatment of burn patients. C. The incidence of alveolar barotrauma is higher with these devices compared with positive pressure ventilation. D. These ventilators mimic normal breathing mechanics. - correct answer D. These ventilators mimic normal breathing mechanics. PEEP is best defined as A. Zero baseline during exhalation on a positive pressure ventilator B. Positive pressure during inspiration that is set by the person operating the ventilator C. Negative pressure during exhalation on a positive pressure ventilator D. Positive pressure at the end of exhalation on a mechanical ventilator - correct answer D. Positive pressure at the end of exhalation on a mechanical ventilator Which of the following statements is true regarding plateau pressure? A. Plateau pressure normally is zero at end inspiration. B. Plateau pressure is used as a measure of alveolar pressure. C. Plateau pressure is measured at the end of exhalation. D. Plateau pressure is a dynamic measurement. - correct answer B. Plateau pressure is used as a measure of alveolar pressure One time constant should allow approximately what percentage of a lung unit to fill? A. 37% B. 100% C. 63% D. 85% - correct answer C. 63% A patient has a PIP of 30 cm H2O and a Pplateau of 20 cm H2O. Ventilator flow is set at a constant value of 30 L/min. What is the transairway pressure? A. 1 cm H2O B. 0.33 cm H2O C. 20 cm H2O D. 10 cm H2O - correct answer D. 10 cm H2O Chapter.2 The controls set by the ventilator operator are considered part of the A. Pneumatic drive circuit B. Electrical motor C. User interface D. Pneumatic circuit - correct answer C. User interface The gas-conducting tubes that carry gas from the ventilator to the patient are referred to as the A. Internal pneumatic circuit B. Control circuit C. Control scheme D. Patient circuit - correct answer D. Patient circuit A ventilator in which the gas that enters the patient's lungs is also the gas that powers the unit is referred to as a A. Direct-drive ventilator B. Single-circuit ventilator C. Double-circuit ventilator D. Single-power source ventilator - correct answer B. Single-circuit ventilator In a spring-loaded bellows volume-delivery device, the amount of pressure is determined by the A. Location of the bellows B. Volume setting on the ventilator C. Tightness of the spring D. Electrical power provided to the spring - correct answer C. Tightness of the spring Which of the following is an example of a flow control valve? A. Linear piston B. Spring-loaded bellows C. Solenoid D. Rotary drive piston - correct answer C. Solenoid An electrical current flows through an electromagnet and creates a magnetic field, pulling a plunger and opening a valve. This description best fits which of the following devices? A. Proportional solenoid valve B. Eccentric valve piston C. Digital valve D. Linear drive piston - correct answer A. Proportional solenoid valve Chapter. 3 Which of the following phase variables is responsible for beginning inspiration? A. Trigger variable B. Cycle variable C. Limit variable D. Baseline