NR 503 epi final.docx

cultural competence - correct answer the ability of providers and organizations to effectively deliver health care services that meet the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients. is defined as "a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they render care" culturally competent health care system - correct answer can help improve health outcomes and quality of care and can contribute to the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities. ex. of strategies to move the health care system towards these goals include providing relevant training on cultural competence and cross cultural issues to health professionals and creating policies that reduce administrative and linguistic barriers to patient care. cultural awareness - correct answer is their understanding of the differences between themselves and people from other countries or other backgrounds, especially differences in attitudes and values. Self-examination of one's own prejudices and biases toward other cultures. An in-depth exploration of one's own cultural/ethnic background. Norms - correct answer rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members in any given situation. It varies widely across cultural groups. For ex. American maintain fairly direct eye contact when conversing with others. Asians, on the other hand, may avert their eyes as a sign of politeness ad respect. values - correct answer the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live. It has major influences on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations. some common business ____ are fairness, innovation, and community involvement. The Kleinman explanatory model- consists of 3 sectors. - correct answer the popular sector, the professional sector and the folk sector. the model can be used to determine how individuals make decisions. socioeconomic status (SES) - correct answer is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation. disparities - correct answer the term is often interpreted to mean racial or ethnic disparities, many dimensions of disparity exist in the U.S, particularly in health. If a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between populations, there disparity. Race or ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, age, disability, socioeconomic status, and geographic location all contribute to an individual's ability to achieve good health. It is important to recognize the impact that social determinants have on health outcomes of specific populations. healthy people strives to improve the health of all groups. Minorities - correct answer a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more dominant group. as the term is used I the social sciences, this subordinacy is the chief defining characteristic of a minority group. As such, minority status does not necessarily correlate population. food desert - correct answer an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food. determinant of health - correct answer the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status determinants of health fall under several broad categories - correct answer policymaking, social factors, health services, individuals behavior, biology and genetics. It is the interrelationships among these factors that determine individual and population health. Because of this, interventions that target multiple determinants of health are most likely to be effective. Determinants of health reach beyond the boundaries of traditional health care and public health sectors; sectors such as education, housing, transportation, agriculture, and environment can be important allies in improving population health. Social determinants of health - correct answer · Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods · Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination · Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash · Social support and social interactions · Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or cell phones · Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty · Quality schools · Transportation options · Public safety · Residential segregation. They are important because they play a huge part on how a person is treated an how prone they are to have a certain condition. Social justice - correct answer implies that there is a fair and equitable distribution of benefits and burdens in a society Data Sources used to assess determinants of health include: - correct answer Chronic Disease Indicators, Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Atlas, National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network, and The Social Vulnerability Index. Genetic testing - correct answer analyzes your DNA to detect specific, inheritable, disease-related gene mutations that may increase the risk of certain cancers. It provides you with an in-depth cancer risk assessment. Genomics - correct answer is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. Pharmacogenomics - correct answer is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. This relatively new field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person's genetic makeup Genetic epidemiology - correct answer The link of epidemiology and genetics. is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors. Genetic epidemiology seeks to derive a statistical and quantitative analysis of how genetics work in large groups. Genomics - correct answer The study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other genes, the individual's environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors. plays a role in 9 of the 10 leading causes of death,5 including: Heart Disease, Cancer, Stroke, Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease. Women with a high risk of cancer should get genetic testing and those recently diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) - correct answer is a federal law that protects individuals from genetic discrimination in health insurance and employment. Genetic discrimination is the misuse of genetic information. Essential components include - correct answer the intake, cancer risk assessment, genetic testing for an inherited cancer syndrome, informed consent, disclosure of genetic test results, and psychosocial assessment All traits depend both on genetic and environmental factors. - correct answer Heredity and environment interact to produce their effects. This means that the way genes act depends on the environment in which they act. In the same way, the effects of environment depend on the genes with which they work. For example, people vary in height. Although height is highly heritable , environmental variables can have a large impact. For example, Japanese-Americans are on the average taller and heavier than their second cousins who grew up in Japan, reflecting the effect of environmental variables, especially dietary differences.