Neuroanatomy cerebral cortex, blood supply for brainstem, anatomy exam questions with complete solutions

Where do most projection fibers travel through - ANSWER-Internal capsule Internal Capsule: Anterior limb - ANSWER-Between caudate and lentiform nucleus has frontopontine fibers running through it Internal Capsule: Genu - ANSWER-The bend of the internal capsule has corticobulbar (voluntary motor CNS) fibers running through it Internal capsule: posterior limb - ANSWER-between the lenticular nucleus and the thalamus connections between the thalamus (VPL, VPM) and motor, somatosensory and other parietal cortex, and corticospinal fibers Blood supply to internal capsule - ANSWER-Deep branches of MCA called lenticulostriate Cerebral Cortex: Cytoarchitecture - ANSWER-Neocortex is majority of cortex and there is 6 layers to it They are cortical neurons that are either: Granule cells (interneruons) fine tuning some of the activity or pyramidal cells that are mostly output of the cerebral cortex Pyramidal Cell most common type of cells in cerebral cortex - ANSWER-Found in all layer except the top layer (I) most prominent in 2, 3, and 5 (5=major area for motor output) Primary output pathway for cerebral cortex distinct features by dendritic spines (areas of excitatory NTs, where glutamate is binding increasing surface area of cell, for receiving information) Giant pyramidal cells near area where primary motor cortex (UMN) is projecting to anterior horn on lumbar SC (really big cells) Layers of Cerebral Cortex (layer 4 and 5 most important for this class) - ANSWER-Layer 1 (outter most layer): parallel running axons