Antimicrobial Resistance Test 1-Questions and Answers Graded A+

Antimicrobial Resistance Test 1-Questions and Answers Graded A antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - ANSWER-the World Health Organization (WHO) defines AMR as, "the ability of a microorganism (like bacteria, viruses, and some parasites) to stop an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics, antivirals, and antimalarials) from working against it. As a result, standard treatments become ineffective, infections persist and may spread to others". one bacterium, two bacteria, many bacteria antibiotics- bacteria (MRSA) antivirals- viruses (influenza) (flu vaccines have to be constantly redeveloped) antifungals- fungi (candida is the leading cause of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in US hospitals) antiparasitics- parasites (malaria takes over half a million lives annually across the world) pesticides- pests (mosquitos are killed to reduce malaria rates and other diseases) herbicides- weeds (waterhemp) (weeds interfere with crop growth) chemotherapies- humans (cancer) development of resistance - ANSWER-how antibiotic resistance happens: 1. lots of germs. a few are drug resistant 2. antibiotics kill bacteria causing the illness, as well as good bacteria protecting the body from infection 3. the drug resistant bacteria are now allowed to grow and take over 4. some bacteria give their drug-resistance to other bacteria, causing more problems AMR: bacterial and fungal infections alone cause massive life loss - ANSWER-estimated minimum number of illnesses and deaths caused by antibiotic resistance (bacteria and fungus included in this report): - at least 2,049,442 illnesses and 23,000 deaths where do infections happen? antibiotic-resistant infections can happen anywhere. data show that most happen in the general community; however, most deaths related to antibiotic resistance happen in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes. community-acquired infection: an infection that is acquired from a communal setting, such as gym, swimming pool, subway, etc. nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are infections that are caught in a healthcare setting (i.e. hospital, clinic, nursing home, etc.)