CALT Alliance Exam ,.docx

accommodations - correct answer reduced assignments; adapted test procedures; and use of computers, calculators, and tape recorders *This term is not used in the IDA alphabetic language - correct answer a language , such as English in which letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds or phonemes alphabetic principle - correct answer the concept that the letters on the page represent the sounds in spoken words analytic - correct answer separates the whole word into its constituent parts so that the students can deduce the phonic relationships of the separate orthographic patterns WHOLE TO PART = reading assessment - correct answer use of the child's educational history, proven methods and tools of psych-educational evaluation to clarify and confirm teacher and parent concerns. auditory discovery - correct answer listening and responding to guided questions to discover new information, such as when students echo words dictated by the teacher to discover a new common sound chalk talk - correct answer writing on the board or table top chameleon prefix - correct answer prefix whose final consonant changes based on the initial letter of the base word or root the result is easier to say and often results in a double consonant euphony - correct answer a pleasing sound (Greek) Conners Report - correct answer used to rate ADHD criterion-referenced test - correct answer a test in which performance is assessed in terms of the kind of behavior expected of a person with a given score it shows an item-by-item description of knowledge attained and knowledge yet to be acquired curriculum-referenced test - correct answer a test in which items are taken from the curriculum used in that child's classroom so the student will not be tested on material that hasn't been taught decode - correct answer to determine the pronunciation of a word by noting the position of the vowels and consonants digraph - correct answer two adjacent consonants or two adjacent vowels in the same syllable representing a single speech sound diphthong - correct answer two adjacent vowels in the same syllable whose sounds blend together with a slide or shift during the production of the syllable directionality - correct answer the direction used in language for reading and writing English is governed by left to right directionality discovery learning - correct answer also called Socratic Method, is learning through guided questioning dyscalculia - correct answer math related disorder dysgraphia - correct answer trouble with small motor writing skills dyslexia - correct answer a specific language-based disorder of constitutional origin involving atypical phonological processing ability and correlated weaknesses; which are not the result of inadequate intellectual potential, instructional or environmental opportunity, motivation, sensory anomalies or other unrelated cause, and are manifested by variable difficulty with expressive and receptive language, often including a conspicuous problem with acquiring proficiency in reading, writing, and spelling echolalia - correct answer repeating sounds over and over, 6 to 12 months of age encoding - correct answer Spelling explicit, direct instruction - correct answer instruction that is systematic (structured), sequential, and cumulative instruction is organized and presented in a way that follows a logical sequential plan, fits the nature of language (alphabetic principle) with no assumption of prior skills of language knowledge, and maximizes student engagement expository writing - correct answer writing that explains or informs, including persuasive, descriptive, and compare/contrast compositions expressive language - correct answer spelling/writing FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education) - correct answer ensures that students with disabilities receive necessary education and services without cost to the family Fernald Method - correct answer technique for learning words that involves the visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile (VAKT) modalities the student looks at a word while saying and tracing it. fluency - correct answer the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression it is one of several critical factors necessary for reading comprehension grapheme - correct answer a written letter or letter cluster representing a single speech sound graphophonemic knowledge - correct answer an understanding of the letter-sound plan in which words that carry meaning are made of sounds, and sounds are written with letters in the right order students with this understanding can blend sounds associated with letters into words and can separate words into component sounds for spelling and writing guided discovery teaching - correct answer the manner presenting new material or concepts so they can be deduced or discovered by students hyperlexia - correct answer disability characterized by early precocious reading ability or a fascination with letters, words or numbers this is accompanied by limited comprehension, difficulty with verbal language, difficulties with social interaction and other autistic traits they are visual learners - understand what they see much better than what they hear IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) - correct answer passed in 1975; requires public schools to provide special education and other services to qualified children from birth to age 21 IEP (Individualized Education Plan) - correct answer individual goals short-term objectives, and benchmarks for measuring each year individualized instruction - correct answer instruction that meets the specific learning needs of an individual student