BIOL 2200 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions!!

A fish is excreting large volumes of water; we would describe it as ______________________ relative to its environment. - Answer-An osmoregulator that is hyperosmotic. Which of the following animals likely makes the most nitrogenous waste? A. Frugivorous Bat B. Insectivorous Frog C. Piscivorous Seal D. Granivorous Bird - Answer-C. Piscivorous Seal Which of the following statements about mammalian excretion if FALSE: A. Substances like solutes always diffuse across the nephron membrane, with direction based on differences in the concentration gradient B. Whenever water is diffusing out of nephron, solutes are diffusing in C. Water resorption happens at every stage of the process, making the waste more and more concentrated D. A & B E. A, B, and C - Answer-E. A, B, and C The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that ________. - Answer-Urea is less toxic than ammonia Uric acid is the _______________ toxic form of nitrogenous waste, has a very _____________ water loss, and a very _____________________ energy expenditure. - Answer-Least Low High Ammonia is likely to be the primary form of nitrogenous waste in an environment with a mass abundance of _______________. - Answer-WaterThe figure shows the human excretory system. Letters from A to E mark the definite structures of this system. Letter A marks the vessels that nourish the kidney. Letter B marks the tube, which goes from the kidney to bladder. Letter C marks the sac in the pelvis. Letter D marks bean-shaped organ. Letter E marks the tube, which goes from bladder to outside. Which labels the urethra? - Answer-E Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the _____ and transported to the _____. - Answer-Renal Pelvis Ureter Urinary Bladder Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in ____________________________. - Answer-Bowman's Capsule The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - Answer-Renal Arteries What is the functional unit of a kidney? - Answer-Nephron The ________________ is the outer part of the kidney. - Answer-Cortex What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, leading to a reduction in the overall filtrate volume? - Answer-Water, NaCl, Ions, and Nutrients The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ____________, while it is impermeable to _________________. - Answer-NaCl Water In which part of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood when it enters and a lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves? - Answer-Ascending loop of HenleWhat contributes most significantly to the kidney's high energy expenditure? - Answer-Transport of NaCl in the thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle True or False: The collecting duct concentrates urine by actively reabsorbing NaCl. - Answer-False True or False: Reabsorption of water and solutes in the proximal tubule reduces the volume of the filtrate. - AnswerTrue True or False: The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when the kidneys are in water-conservation mode. - Answer-True True or False: Regulated changes in the epithelium of the loop of Henle allow the kidney to operate in waterconservation mode. - Answer-False Place the 4 general components of excretion in the correct order: 1. Excretion 2. Filtration 3. Reabsorption 4. Secretion - Answer-2, 3, 4, 1