Advanced Pathophysiology correctly answered 2023(updated)

Advanced Pathophysiology correctly answered 2023(updated)Advanced Pathophysiology correctly answered 2023 What is a protective and complex phenomenon composed of sensory experiences (time, space, intensity), emotion, cognition, and motivation? - correct answer Pain Portion of the nervous system responsible for sensation and perception of pain can be divided into 3 areas: - correct answer A: Afferent pathways B interpretive centers in the brainstem, midbrain & diencephalon C: descending pathways from the brain to the dorsal horn of spinal cord. Nociceptors are pain receptors that detect a wide range of stimuli and respond to: - correct answer Chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimulation The afferent system is: - correct answer Composed of nociceptors the dorsal horn of the spinal column (second-order neurons) and afferent neurons in the Aδ and C fibers (first-order neurons);spinothalamic tract (third-order neurons). Myelinated Aδ receptor transmission is - correct answer Fast and conveys mechanical and thermal localized pain. Unmyelinated polymodal C fiber transmission is: - correct answer Slower and conveys sharp, diffuse burning and aching sensations These primary-order neurons terminate on second-order neurons. - correct answer Three classes of second-order neurons modulate pain transmission: - correct answer projection cells, excitatory interneurons and inhibitory interneurons. The second-order neurons are located: - correct answer in the spinal cord laminae The second-order neurons function as - correct answer a pain gate to regulate pain transmission. Second-order neurons cross over the cord and ascend primarily in - correct answer the lateral the spinothalamic tract to projection centers including the thalamus reticular formation, and PAG matter. Third-order neurons carry information to the - correct answer sensory cortex and reticular and limbic systems for pain processing and interpretation. Efferent pathways from the PAG are responsible for modulation or inhibition of afferent pain signals. - correct answer The thalamus cort