Bio 150 Final – Winthrop Correct 100%(RATED A+)

Characteristics of Living Things - ANSWER Reproduce, made of cells, have different levels of organization, grow, adapt, use energy, Levels of Organization - ANSWER Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ/Organ System -> Organism -> Population (all of one species) -> Community (All of the living things) -> Ecosystem (All of the living and nonliving things) -> Biosphere (All of the Ecosystems on the Earth) Alexander Fleming - ANSWER Discovered the lysosome organelle, as well as penicillin. 1st Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER heat energy cannot be created or destroyed 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER "in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state." Flow of Energy Through Ecosystems - ANSWER Energy in an ecosystem moves through the food chain. At each level of the food chain, 90% of the energy is lost. Four Major Plant Types - ANSWER Mosses, Ferns, Conifers and Flowering Plants Photosynthesis - ANSWER 6CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O2 + 6O2 Occurs in the Chloroplast. Important because it turns sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into energy for plant use. Also turns carbon dioxide into oxygen. Calvin Cycle - ANSWER Convert light energy to chemical energy (ATP + NADPH), and creates oxygen as a waste product. Light Dependent Reactions - ANSWER Make sugar using carbon dioxide and the energy-containing products of the light-reactions (ATP + NADPH) Endosymbiont Theory of Origins of Chloroplasts - ANSWER Chloroplasts came from earlier existing chloroplasts and cannot of just come up out of nowhere because they have their own genome. Cellular Respiration - ANSWER C6H12O2 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O Happens in the mitochondria in animal and plant cells. Glycolysis (2 ATP) -> Krebs Cycle (4 ATP) -> Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP) = 38 ATP Biosphere - ANSWER The whole planet Population - ANSWER All of one species