NCLEX: Cardiac Disorders fully solved 2024

NCLEX: Cardiac DisordersCardiac Disorders NCLEX Tips - correct answer Stay with the client when the client is experiencing chest pain. The head of the bed is elevated for a client with a cardiac disorder. Vital signs are monitored and the apical heart rate counted for 1 full minute. Assist the client in identifying risk factors that can be modified and help the client set goals that will promote the necessary lifestyle changes. The client must be instructed in the use of prescribed medications. Teach the client about necessary dietary changes; such changes are not temporary and must be maintained for life. Aid the client who has mobility restrictions in performing range-of-motion exercises to prevent thrombus formation and maintain muscle strength. Provide reassurance to the client and family. Provide information to the client on community resources for exercise, smoking cessation, and stress reduction. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - correct answer Narrowing or obstruction of one or more coronary arteries results from atherosclerosis, an accumulation of lipid-containing plaque in the arteries. Symptoms occur when the coronary artery is occluded to point that blood supply to the muscle becomes inadequate, causing ischemia. Results in hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death. The goal of treatment (which includes a low-fat diet, regular exercise, and medications such as cholesterol-decreasing drugs) is to slow the atherosclerotic progression. Findings may be normal during asymptomatic periods, but the affected client experiences chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, and excessive fatigue. CAD: Diagnostic Studies - correct answer Electrocardiography: When blood flow is reduced and ischemia occurs, ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion is noted; the ST segment returns to normal when blood flow returns.With infarction, cell injury results in ST-segment elevation, followed by T-wave inversion.