Bioethics Practice Exam With Well Explained Solutions 2024

Bioethics Practice Exam With Well Explained Solutions 2024 When considering the duty not to lie to a patient and the duty to not cause needless suffering to the patient, which method would W.D. Ross use to decide the more stringent duty? 1. Intuition 2. Deductive Logic 3. Inductive Reasoning 4. Scientific Method - correct answer.1. Intuition Ross is generally regarded as the father of the intuitionist school of ethics. To maintain the integrity of a clinical study, investigators do not tell participants if the participants are receiving treatment of a placebo, thus creating a conflict with the usual requirements for informed consent. Which moral principle would validate this action? 1. Principle of utility 2. Principle of justice 3. Principle of non maleficence 4. Principle of respect for autonomy. - correct answer.1. Principle of utility. The purpose of withholding information is to maximize the value of the study for future patients. This is the focus of the principle of utility. Tom Anderson, the new administrator of City Hospital, is about to conduct his first meeting with the hospital's Board of Ethics. The other members of the 4-member board are physician Brown, nurse Carter, and professional ethicist Dillon. Today's order of buisiness is to determine the end-of-life treatment for four patients. Each board member has one vote and three of four votes are necessary to justify euthanasia, so, before the meeting, Anderson decides to vote to discontinue all life-suppport measures for all four patients. The first case discussed concerns an older female patient, Easterly, for whom medical intervention, both quantitative and qualitative, appears futile. Three of the four Board members vote to disconnect Easterly's respirator. Only Brown votes no, arguing for transferring her to a hospice. The outcome of the next vote is also three to one in favor of discontinuing life-support measures for the - correct answer.1. The move to a hospice would cause more pain. This uses a utilitarian principle to minimize the pain that results from our actions. The children of a patient who is in a persistent vegetative state and dependent on a ventilator want the ventilator removed because the patient's condition is causing them great distress. Which course of action could best be supported by Kantian ethics? 1. It is not permissible to remove the ventilator only to benefit the patient's children. 2. It is not permissible to remove the ventilator for the purpose of respecting patient autonomy. 3. It is permissible to remove the ventilator if it can be used to treat more worthy patients. 4. It is permissible to remove the ventilator if the patient's children will greatly benefit from it. - correct answer.1. It is not permissible to remove the ventilator only to benefit the patient's children. Removing the ventilator to benefit the children would be unacceptable to a Kantian because it would be using the patient as a means. A physician discreetly moves his mother to the top of the list to receive a vaccine that is in short supply. How is this action best described? 1. Displaying the virtue of honesty 2. Fulfilling his moral duty of fairness 3. Showing compassion for his patient 4. Experiencing a conflict among virtues - correct answer.4. Experiencing a conflict among virtues. The physician is in a conflict between caring for his mother and for his other patients who also require a vaccine. Which patters of distribution of wealth would conform to Rawls's difference principle? Distribution on the basis of promoting 1. Merit 2. Effort 3. Potential contribution to society 4. The welfare of the least advantaged - correct answer.4. The welfare of the least advantaged