OSCE Dental Hygiene Exam Study Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A

Bass Method - Most widely used method. Bristles are angled at a 45 degree angel towards the gingiva. Stillman's Method - Bristles are positioned on the gums rather than into the pockets and directed at a 45 degree angle. Charter's Method - Bristles are directed occlusally, away from the gingiva. Useful for cleaning orthodontic brackets, prosthesis, and areas treated with surgeries. Fone's Method - Bristles are moved in large circular motion on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Useful for children, those physically impaired, or adults who lack manual dexterity. Fluoride Varnish - -Dries immediately upon contact with saliva. -Does not require a professional prophylaxis before hand. -Can eat and drink immediately after. -Avoid brushing, rigorous rinsing, or hard foods for 3 to 4 hours. -Easier and more effective method Fluoride is recommended for patients who: - -Have xerostomia -High caries risk -Undergoing cancer therapy -Orthodontics Fluoride Gel or Foam (office application) - -Applied onto tray and placed in patient's mouth usually for 4 minutes (Read manufactures label). -Do not eat, drink, or smoke for 30 minutes. -Most popular types are 1.23% APF and 2% Neutral sodium fluoride. Stannous Fluoride - -0.4% available for non-prescription use. -1% neutral sodium fluoride gels available for prescription use. -Can cause extrinsic staining (especially in patient's with inadequate plaque control). Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) - -Do NOT use of composites, porcelain, or sealant materials as it causing pitting and roughening. -Also avoid on root surfaces. Neutral Sodium Fluoride - Agent of choice on root caries, implants, cosmetic restorations, and reduced salivary flow. Second trimester - safest trimester for dental treatment. Pregnancy gingivitis - -Caused by an elevation of hormones estrogen and progesterone. Hormones increase can cause exaggerated gingival response to microorganisms. Pyrogenic granuloma (Pregnancy tumor) - localized area of gingival enlargement, typically involving interdental papilla, usually diminishes after delivery of baby. What category of LA can use administer to a pregnant patient? - Category B (lidocaine and prilocaine) Can you use Nitrous oxide sedation and general sedation on a pregnant patient? - relative contraindication (gas interferes with the absorption of B-12 and other nutrients). Early Childhood Caries (ECC) index - -presence of 1 or more areas of decay on a child younger than 6 years of age Severe-Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) index - -Presence of decay in a child younger than 3 years old. When should a child's first dental appointment occur? - -Within 6 months of the eruption of the first tooth or before 1-year of age. When should you first start brushing a child's teeth? - -When the first tooth appears. Erosion causes - -Anorexia Nervosa -Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa - extreme weight loss caused by self-starvation, excessive exercise, use of laxatives, self-induced vomiting. Bulimia Nervosa - compulsive disorder that involves periods of starvation, binging, and purging. Signs and Symptoms of erosion - -dental caries from vomiting -Perimolysis: erosion from vomiting mostly on the maxillary lingual surfaces. Raised appearance of restoration margins. Abrasion - -V-shaped notch in the gingival portion of the facial aspect of the tooth. -Results from forces of friction between the teeth or external objects. -Can happen from improper brushing technique or the use of a toothpick or pipe. Attrition - -Results from forces between the teeth. -Wear on the incised and occlusal surfaces from grinding.