NASM CES Final Exam Review 2024 Questions and Answers

NASM CES Final Exam Review 2024 Questions and Answers Neuromuscular efficiency - Answer ️️ -The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, synergists, and stablilzers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the kinetic chain in all three planes of motion. Posture - Answer ️️ -The independent and interdependent alignment (static posture) and function (transitional and dynamic posture) of all components of the human movement system at any given moment; controlled by the central nervous system. Structural efficiency - Answer ️️ -The alignment of each segment of the human movement system (HMS), which allows posture to be balanced in relation to one's center of gravity. Functional efficiency - Answer ️️ -The ability of the neuromuscular system to recruit correct muscle synergies, at the right time, with the appropriate amount of force to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy and stress on the human movement system. Cumulative injury cycle - Answer ️️ -A cycle in which an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered neuromusclular control, and muscle imbalances. Movement impairment syndrome - Answer ️️ -Refers to the state in which the structural integrity of the human movement system (HMS) is compromised because the components are out of alignment. Altered reciprocal inhibition - Answer ️️ -The process whereby a tight muscle (short, overactive, myofascial adhesions) causes decreased neural drive and therefore optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist. Synergistic dominance - Answer ️️ -The process by which a synergist compenstates for a prime mover to maintain force production. Lower extremity movement impairment syndrome - Answer ️️ -Usually characterized by excessive foot pronation (flat feet), increased knee valgus (tibia externally rotated and femur internally rotated and adducted or knock-kneed), and increased movement at the lumbo-pelvic- hip-complex (extension or flexion) during functional movements. Upper extremity movement impairment syndrome - Answer ️️ -Usually characterized as having rounded shoulders and a forward head posture or improper scapulothoracic or glenohumeral kinematics during functional movements. Lengthening Techniques - Answer ️️ -2nd phase in the Corrective Exercise Continuum is to lengthen those overactive or tight neuromyofascial tissues. Lengthening - Answer ️️ -refers to the elongation of mechanically shortened muscle and connective tissuenecessary to increase range of motion (ROM) at the tissue and joint. 2 most common methods of stretching: - Answer ️️ -Static stretching Neuromuscular stretching Static stretching - Answer ️️ -Combines low force with long duration using autogenic inhibition. This form of stretching allows for relaxation and concomitant elongation of muscle. To perform static stretching, the stretch is held at the first point of tension or resistance barrier for 30 seconds. Performed solo Neuromuscular stretching - Answer ️️ -commonly called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,or PNF involves taking the muscle to its end ROM (point of joint compensation), actively contracting the muscle to be stretched for 7 -15 seconds, then passively moving the joint to a new end ROM and holding this position for 20-30 seconds. Recurrent inhibition - Answer ️️ -A feedback circuit that can decrease the excitability of motor neurons via the interneuron called the Renshaw cell. Stretch reflex - Answer ️️ -A muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. Static stretching is characterized by: - Answer ️️ -The elongation of neuromyofascial tissue to an end-range and statically holding that position fora period of time. Maximal control of structural alignment Minimal acceleration into and out of the elongated (stretch) position. Neuromuscular stretching is (NMS) characterized by: - Answer ️️ -Taking the muscle to its end ROM (point of joint compensation) Active contraction of the muscle to be stretched Passively (or actively) moving to a new end ROM Statically holding new position for 20-30 seconds and repeating 3 times. Neuromuscular stretching - Answer ️️ -Is a technique that involves a process of isometrically contracting a desired muscle in a lengthened position to induce a relazation response on the tissue, allowing it to further elongate. Requires the assistance of another person. Autogenic inhibition - Answer ️️ -The process when neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, pro