EXAM 2 Study Guide BIOL 153
1. What synapomorphy shows that archaea and eukarya should be separate from bacteria on a phylogenetic
tree?
a. They are both prokaryotic
b. They both conduct glycolysis
c. They are usually larger organisms
d. Similar RNA sequence
2. What do Koch’s postulates refer to?
a. A set of guidelines to develop trees
b. A set of guidelines to identify pathogens
c. A method of parsimony
d. A way of classifying bacteria species
3. What are some reasons bacteria are important? (all that apply)
a. They produce beneficial mucilage in the mouth
b. They are beneficial for human health, especially related to the gut microbiome
c. They can provide natural antifungal chemicals (FROGS)
d. They can be used to clean up contamination through bioremediation
e. They can be beneficial in medicine (ex: fecal bacteriotherapy, drugs, etc)
4. Which of the following are true about prokaryotes? (all that apply)
a. Includes bacteria and archaea domains
b. They lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
c. They do not have a cytoskeleton
d. They are unicellular
e. They utilize DNA and RNA and enzymes to build proteins
f. They multiply via binary fission
g. They are a paraphyletic group
h. They are a monophyletic clade
5. Which of the following are true about bacteria? (all that apply)
a. They have a circular DNA molecule in their nucleus
b. They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
c. They reproduce asexually
d. They often live in extreme environments
e. They are a monophyletic clade
6. What does it mean if bacteria is gram positive?
a. They have a thin peptidoglycan layer
b. They have a thick peptidoglycan layer
c. They contain granules in their cytoplasm
d. They lack peptidoglycan
7. Which of the following refers to bacteria that are rod-shaped?
a. Cocci
b. Bacilli
c. Vibrios
d. Spirochaetes
8. What type of organism uses light and organic compounds to produce nutrients?
a. Photoautotroph
b. Chemolithotroph
c. Photoheterotroph
d. Chemoorganoheterotroph
9. What type of organism uses inorganic compounds and CO2 to produce nutrients?
a. Photoautotroph
b. Chemolithotroph
c. Photoheterotroph
d. Chemoorganoheterotroph
10. What is the carbon sources for autotrophs?
a. Glucose (C6H12O6)
b. Organic compounds
c. Inorganic compounds
d. CO2 gas
11. Which of the following are true about archaea? (all that apply)
, a. Paraphyletic
b. Monophyletic
c. Have many unique genes
d. Unique lipids in cell membrane
e. Usually live in extreme environments
f. Can be thermophilic, acidophilic, or anaerobic methanogens
12. Which kingdom of archaea can be found in deep ocean vents?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
13. Which kingdom of archaea is usually a parasite of another archaea?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
14. Which kingdom of archaea does not live in extreme environments?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
15. Which kingdom of archaea do we not have cultures of?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
16. Which kingdom of archaea are often thermophilic and acidophilic?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
17. Which type of bacteria is common in the human gut and in dairy products?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
e. Proteobacteria
f. Cyanobacteria
18. Which type of bacteria became the chloroplasts of plants and gave rise to most of the oxygen on earth?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
e. Proteobacteria
f. Cyanobacteria
19. Which type of diverse bacteria share similar DNA to human mitochondria?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
e. Proteobacteria
f. Cyanobacteria
20. Which type of bacteria have corkscrew shape and flagella tail?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
1. What synapomorphy shows that archaea and eukarya should be separate from bacteria on a phylogenetic
tree?
a. They are both prokaryotic
b. They both conduct glycolysis
c. They are usually larger organisms
d. Similar RNA sequence
2. What do Koch’s postulates refer to?
a. A set of guidelines to develop trees
b. A set of guidelines to identify pathogens
c. A method of parsimony
d. A way of classifying bacteria species
3. What are some reasons bacteria are important? (all that apply)
a. They produce beneficial mucilage in the mouth
b. They are beneficial for human health, especially related to the gut microbiome
c. They can provide natural antifungal chemicals (FROGS)
d. They can be used to clean up contamination through bioremediation
e. They can be beneficial in medicine (ex: fecal bacteriotherapy, drugs, etc)
4. Which of the following are true about prokaryotes? (all that apply)
a. Includes bacteria and archaea domains
b. They lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
c. They do not have a cytoskeleton
d. They are unicellular
e. They utilize DNA and RNA and enzymes to build proteins
f. They multiply via binary fission
g. They are a paraphyletic group
h. They are a monophyletic clade
5. Which of the following are true about bacteria? (all that apply)
a. They have a circular DNA molecule in their nucleus
b. They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
c. They reproduce asexually
d. They often live in extreme environments
e. They are a monophyletic clade
6. What does it mean if bacteria is gram positive?
a. They have a thin peptidoglycan layer
b. They have a thick peptidoglycan layer
c. They contain granules in their cytoplasm
d. They lack peptidoglycan
7. Which of the following refers to bacteria that are rod-shaped?
a. Cocci
b. Bacilli
c. Vibrios
d. Spirochaetes
8. What type of organism uses light and organic compounds to produce nutrients?
a. Photoautotroph
b. Chemolithotroph
c. Photoheterotroph
d. Chemoorganoheterotroph
9. What type of organism uses inorganic compounds and CO2 to produce nutrients?
a. Photoautotroph
b. Chemolithotroph
c. Photoheterotroph
d. Chemoorganoheterotroph
10. What is the carbon sources for autotrophs?
a. Glucose (C6H12O6)
b. Organic compounds
c. Inorganic compounds
d. CO2 gas
11. Which of the following are true about archaea? (all that apply)
, a. Paraphyletic
b. Monophyletic
c. Have many unique genes
d. Unique lipids in cell membrane
e. Usually live in extreme environments
f. Can be thermophilic, acidophilic, or anaerobic methanogens
12. Which kingdom of archaea can be found in deep ocean vents?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
13. Which kingdom of archaea is usually a parasite of another archaea?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
14. Which kingdom of archaea does not live in extreme environments?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
15. Which kingdom of archaea do we not have cultures of?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
16. Which kingdom of archaea are often thermophilic and acidophilic?
a. Crenarchaeota
b. Euryarchaeota
c. Thaumarchaeota
d. Korarchaeota
e. Nanoarchaeota
17. Which type of bacteria is common in the human gut and in dairy products?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
e. Proteobacteria
f. Cyanobacteria
18. Which type of bacteria became the chloroplasts of plants and gave rise to most of the oxygen on earth?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
e. Proteobacteria
f. Cyanobacteria
19. Which type of diverse bacteria share similar DNA to human mitochondria?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
e. Proteobacteria
f. Cyanobacteria
20. Which type of bacteria have corkscrew shape and flagella tail?
a. Firmicutes
b. Actinobacteria
c. Spirochaetes
d. Chlamydiae
