ALMS Anatomy & Physiology Pretest Questions And Answers.

Which term describes the study of the function of components of the body? - Answer-Physiology Which type of tissue produces chemicals and fluid that digests food in the stomach? - Answer-Epithelial Which layer of serous membrane lines the walls of cavities? - Answer-Parietal Which of the following is the anatomical name for the neck area? - Answer-Cervical Eight chemical elements constitute 3.6 percent of total body mass. What are these chemical elements called? - Answer-Lesser chemical elements What layer of serous membranes covers and adheres to the organs within the cavities it lines? - AnswerVisceral Layer What term is used to describe the state at which a solute moves down its concentration gradient through the plasma membrane and becomes evenly distributed in the cytosol? - Answer-Equilibrium What do two or more atoms form when they share electrons? - Answer-*Incorrect* An ion Four mechanisms of action to conserve heat and increase heat production in the body include vasoconstriction (blood vessels), adrenal medulla (or its hormones), thyroid gland (or its hormones), and ____________. - Answer-Shivering Which cells are responsible for the growth of existing hairs? - Answer-Hair matrix When is metabolic rate higher in females? - Answer-During pregnancy The ________________ skeleton includes bones that are located in the bodys girdles and extremities. - Answer-AppendicularFlexion and extension movements usually occur along which plane? - Answer-Sagittal Where is the insertion site typically located in regard to the attachment of the muscle? - Answer-Distal Most skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing pairs at the joints. What are the names of the opposing pairs of muscles? - Answer-Prime mover and antagonist Which regions of the body are supplied by the celiac trunk; superior mesenteric artery; inferior mesenteric artery; and suprarenal, renal, and gonadal arteries? - Answer-Abdominal viscera How does blood flow through the regions in the primitive heart tube? - Answer-From the caudal end of the primitive heart tube to the cranial end How does an increase in epinephrine or norepinephrine affect the heart rate? - Answer-It causes the heart rate to increase Most components of ___________ filter freely through the capillary walls to form interstitial fluid. - Answer-Blood plasma Which immune response begins with the activation of T cells by a specific antigen? - Answer-Cell mediated Which term refers to the bodys ability to defend itself against specific invading agents, such as bacteria, toxins, viruses, and foreign tissues? - Answer-Adaptive immunity What is the bodys nonspecific, defensive response to tissue damage and may occur when exposed to pathogens, abrasions, chemical irritations, cell disturbance, and extreme temperatures? - AnswerInflammation Which of the following causes a decrease in osmolarity of interstitial fluid and plasma? - Answer- *Incorrect* Increased Na concentrationWhich of the following is the most abundant buffer in intracellular fluid and blood plasma? - AnswerProtein buffer system What component of the fluid secreted from the bulbourethral glands is used to lubricate the end of the penis? - Answer-Mucus What helps breast milk propel toward the nipples? - Answer-*Incorrect* Contractions of lactiferous ducts What is the name of the layer of skin covering the body of the clitoris? - Answer-Prepuce of the clitoris Two pairs of tonsils, the _______ and _______ tonsils, are found in the oropharynx. - Answer-Palatine, lingual The __________ cartilage consists of two fused plates of hyaline cartilage that form the anterior wall of the larynx and give it a triangular shape. - Answer-Thyroid Where in the body are the peripheral chemoreceptors found that regulate respiration? - Answer-Aortic bodies Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium? - Answer-Serosa What is present all along the GI tract that protects against disease? - Answer-Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue Which of the following is a starch-digesting enzyme found in pancreatic juice? - Answer-Pancreatic amylase Sensory impulses arrive mainly to what parts of the brains cerebral cortex? - Answer-Posterior half of both cerebral hemispheresWhat is the name of the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that forms a network within the GI tract, pancreas, and gallbladder? - Answer-Enteric